Lab 5: Musculoskeletal System

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Last updated 10:18 AM on 10/1/26
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37 Terms

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Antagonist
Muscle that produces the opposite movement of another muscle.
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Synergist
Muscle that works with another muscle to produce the same/similar movement.
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Adduct
Move toward the body's midline.
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Abduct
Move away from the body's midline.
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Protract
Move forward/anteriorly.
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Retract
Move backward/posteriorly.
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Flex / Flexion
Decrease joint angle; bend.
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Extend / Extension
Increase joint angle; straighten.
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EARTHWORM — Circular muscles
Contract to make a segment long and skinny.
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EARTHWORM — Longitudinal muscles
Contract to make a segment short and fat.
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EARTHWORM — movement
Alternating circular and longitudinal contraction produces peristalsis.
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PERCH — Myomeres
Contract to bend the body during swimming.
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PERCH — Myosepta
Transmit muscle force and separate/support myomeres.
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PERCH — Epaxial muscle
Dorsal swimming muscle; contributes to body bending.
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PERCH — Hypaxial muscle
Ventral swimming muscle; contributes to body bending.
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Epaxial vs hypaxial
Epaxial = dorsal; hypaxial = ventral.
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CRAYFISH — Chela adductor muscle
Adducts/closes the claw.
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CRAYFISH — Abdominal flexor muscles
Flex abdomen ventrally and power the tail flip.
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CLAM — Anterior adductor muscle
Pulls valves together; closes/adducts shell.
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CLAM — Posterior adductor muscle
Pulls valves together; closes/adducts shell.
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FROG — Sartorius
Protracts and adducts the hindlimb.
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FROG — Adductor magnus
Adducts the hindlimb.
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FROG — Gracilis major
Adducts and protracts the hindlimb.
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FROG — Gracilis minor
Adducts and protracts the hindlimb.
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FROG — Triceps femoris
Retracts hip and extends knee.
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FROG — Biceps femoris
Flexes knee.
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FROG — Semimembranosus
Flexes knee; synergist with biceps femoris.
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FROG — Gastrocnemius
Extends the ankle/foot.
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FROG — Tibialis anterior longus
Flexes the ankle/foot.
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FROG — knee extension
Triceps femoris.
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FROG — knee flexion
Biceps femoris + semimembranosus.
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FROG — ankle/foot extension
Gastrocnemius.
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FROG — ankle/foot flexion
Tibialis anterior longus.
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FROG — hip retraction
Triceps femoris.
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FROG — hindlimb adduction/protraction
Sartorius + adductor magnus + gracilis major + gracilis minor.
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FROG — knee flexion synergists
Biceps femoris + semimembranosus.
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FROG — ankle antagonists
Gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior longus.