SITE PLANNING AND URBAN DESIGN

PRIMITIVE DWELLINGS

mostly had one room. Natural cave, enlarged by erecting piles of rocks at entrances.

Jericho

an early settlement in Israel around 9000BC

Jericho

It was a well-organized community of about 3,000 people built around a reliable source of freshwater. It was 3 hectares in size and enclosed with a circular stone wall.

Khirokitia

an early settlement in Cyprus around 5500BC

Khirokitia

It was the first documented city with streets. The main street was narrow but had a wide terminal.

Khirokitia

Catalhoyuk

City of Eridu

the oldest city in Mesopotamia

3000 – 4000 B.C

In this era, cities in the Fertile Crescent were formed by the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys of Mesopotamia.

Yellow River Valley of China

“land within the passes”. Precursor of Linear City.

Anyang

largest city of the yellow River Valley

Zepotecs, Mextecs, and Astecs

Elaborate network of cities in Mesoamerica were built by the _____________ in rough rugged land.

polis

city-state

Acropolis

a religious and defensive structure up on the hills, with no definite geometric plan.

Sparta and Athens

the largest cities in Greek

Neopolis and Paleopolis

“new” and “old” cities.

The City of miletus

-regarding as the first “planned” city.

The City of miletus

Hippodamus

the first noted urban planner. Introduced the Grid system and the Agora (public marketplace)

Roman Forms

focal points of Roman City planning.

Curia

the local meeting hall; the capitol in Roman

Domus

traditional Roman house; with a central atrium

Insulae

3 to 6 storey apartments with storefronts

Renaissance and Baroque Periods

Arts and architecture thus became a major element of town planning.

Vienna

the first “university town”

“boug” , ‘fauborg”

Medieval organic City taken after the ____ (military town) and _____ (citizen’s town) of the medieval ages.

English Renaissance

“the European Planned City’

Medieval Bastide

– taken from the French bastide. These were new towns placed in previously unsettled areas. Most bastides enjoyed locations in river valleys and were built in regular gridlike or radial form around them.

The Speculators Town

developments were driven by speculation with emphasis on equality (Philadelphia, designed by William Penn, best exemplifies he American Speculator’s Town)

The Machine Age”

signified the change from manpower to assembly lines

reform movements

put emphasis on building from scratch to improve worker’s living conditions

“Specialists”

believed that the problems of cities should be tackled one item at a time, beginning with the improvement of health and sanitary systems.

Robert Owens

spearheaded the Reform Movement byProposing his ideal city meant for 800 to 1200 persons. On at least 600 to 1800 acres of land

Tony Garnier

designed a hypothetical industrial Town, Une Cite Industrielle, with an imaginary site Consisting of a high plateau and level valley, all alongside a river

Ebenezer Howard

author of “Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path To Social Reform”, first conceptualized the Garden Cities

Garden Cities

These were new cities built in the countryside with rail access to the original city.

Letchworth

first developed Garden City, started in 1902 and designed by Raymond Unwin and Barry Parker.

Welwyn

the second Garden City, built in 1920 was designed by Louis de Soisson.

Hampstead Garden Suburbs

– meant only for housing but with a variety of housing types lines along streets with terminating axes on civic buildings in a large common green.

BRASILIA

The new capital of Brazil and a completely new twentieth century city was designed by Lucio Costa with a lot of influence from Le Corbusier.

CHANDIGARH

With the separation of India and Pakistan, the site of original Indian capital of Lahore was given to Pakistan, thus creating a need for a new capital.

Chandigarh

was designed to be the Capital of Punjab province of India

CANBERRA

The government of Australia sponsored a design competition in 1901 for the new capital and invited such top urban designers as Daniel Burnham, Sir Leslie Patrick Abercrombie, and Frederick law Olmstead, but the winner ws Walter Griffin, who was a descendant of Frank Lloyd Wright.

Canberra

design reflected the principles of the city beautiful movement with a triangular formation of three important buildings

Edward Lutyens

The Master Plan for new Delhi, designed by Sir _____ is based on the great east-west axis of Kingsway,

NEW DELHI, INDIA

1.5 miles long, with the Government house on a hilltop in the West end, and the eastern counterpoint a large hexagonal space reserved for palaces of the native princes.

d’ Habitation in Marsellles

Le Corbusier first plan of high density living was in __________________

d’ Habitation in Marsellles

a “super building” that contained 337 dwellings in only ten acres of land

Le Corbusier

planned Le Contemporaine, designed for a population of 3,000,000 people

Le Contemporaine

Designed with a grid pattern of superblocks, 200 by 400 meters.

Frank Lloyd Wright

proposed that every family in the U.S. live in one acre of land, in a city complete with all necessary amenities.

Frank Lloyd Wright

proposed to house a significant amount of Manhattan residents to free up space for greenfields, in a building a mile high

THE BARBICAN DEVELOPMENT

An early type of Planned Unit development that had all amenities in one compound with multilevel circular pattern

Conurbation

Megalopolis

– merging of two or more metropolises with a population of at least 10 million.

Megalopolis

concept coined by Jean Gottmann for urban complexes in the Northeastern United States

Megalopolis

The term means “Great City” in Greek. Today it is used to refer to massive urban concentrations created from strong physical linkages between three or more large cities

, king Philip Ii

proclaimed the Laws of the Indies that established uniform standards and planning procedures for colonial settlements.

Plaza Complex

a result of several ordinances of the Laws of the Indies.

INTRAMUROS

Known as the ‘walled city of Manila”

DANIEL BURNHAM

an architect / planner who designed Chicago, San Francisco, and parts of Washington D.C. was brought in her commissioned to design Manila based on the city beautiful movement theories he was known for.

July 31, 1903

by virtue of Act no. 183, the city of Manila was incorporated.

Quiapo

the illustrado territory; the enclave of the rich and powerful, Also the manifestation of folk religiously.

Tondo

coastal city adjacent to Manila.

Binondo

the trading port developed by the Chinese and Arabs

Sta. Cruz

the main commercial district with swirls of shops, movie houses, restaurants, etc

San Nicolas

also a commercial town built by the Spanish with streets of “specialized” categories (i.e. ceramics, soap, etc)

Sampaloc

centered on two churches (Our Lady of Loreto and Saint Anthony of Padua). Also known as the first “University Town”.

San Miguel (Malacañang)

where rest-houses were built for the Spanish government.

Malate

the early “summer resort” of wealthy and cultured Filipinos. Then became the first fishing and salt-making town.

Ermita

early tourist belt (red-light district)

Paco

first town built around a train station.

Constitution Hill

In 1946 a search committee was formed to find a New site for the Capital. A 158 hectares’ area in the In the Novaliches Watershed was selected and called

BLISS (Bagong Lipunan Sites and Services)

Walk up housing units built for the government sector.

METRO MANILA CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICTS

this traditional CBD is a center of business and commerce, has a population nucleus, and seats the national government.

Makati CBD

a business, financial, commercial, convention, and recreational center of the Metropolitan Region. Begun by the Ayala conglomerate in 1948.

Right-of-Way

Land secured and reserved for the public for purposes of building highways

Highway

A public way for purposes of vehicular travel, including the entire area within the right-of-way.

Super Highway

Highway of major cross sectional and longitudinal dimension, designed to accommodate very heavy traffic at high speed rate. May also have provision for rapid transit in a median or side strip.

Street

A highway in urban areas

Arterial Streets

25-40 m; fast heavy traffic; may intersect with expressways

Collector Streets

20-25 m; connects minor to major system of arterial streets; connects to entrarice streets of developments

Minor Streets

16-20 m; access to abutting properties

Marginal Access Streets

12-15 m; parallel to arterial streets

Road

A highway outside of an urban district

Avenue

Same as street or highway frequently used to designate streets of a certain direction

Boulevard

A broad street of major importance, usually planted with trees

Expressway

A divided arterial highway for through traffic with full or partial control of access and generally with grade separation at intersections.

Freeway

An expressway with full control of access

Limited Access Highway

Access is determined by the public authorities having jurisdiction over such traffic way.

Grain

the degree of fineness or coarseness in an urban area

Texture

degree of mixture of fine and coarse elements

RADIOCENTRIC

A large circle with radial corridors of intense development emanating from the center

RECTILINEAR

Usually with two corridors of intense development crossing' the center; usually found in small cities rather than in large

STAR

Radiocentric form with open spaces between the outreaching corridors of development

RING

A city built around a large open space

LINEAR

Usually the result of natural topography which restricts growth; may also be a transportation spine

BRANCH

A linear span with connecting arms

SHEET

vast urban area with little or no articulation

ARTICULATED SHEET

A sheet accented by one or more central clusters and several subclusters