Islam - REL101
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124 Terms
What does Islam mean?
The peace that comes when one's life is surrendered to God.
Who are followers of Islam called?
Muslims.
Who is called the Seal of the Prophets?
Muhammad.
What does Seal of the Prophets mean?
Muhammad is the final valid prophet.
Who was Abraham's first son according to Islamic tradition?
Ishmael.
Who are considered descendants of Ishmael?
The Arabs.
Who are considered descendants of Isaac?
The Hebrews.
What city is associated with Ishmael in Islamic tradition?
Mecca.
When was Muhammad born?
Approximately 570 CE.
What tribe was Muhammad born into?
The Koreish tribe.
Who was Muhammad's first wife?
Khadija.
How much older was Khadija than Muhammad?
About 15 years older.
What mountain did Muhammad retreat to for meditation?
Mount Hira.
What does Allah literally mean?
The God.
What is the central declaration of Islamic monotheism?
There is no god but God.
When did Muhammad receive his first revelation?
Around 610 CE.
Which angel revealed God's message to Muhammad?
Gabriel.
What was Gabriel's first command to Muhammad?
Proclaim.
Who was Muhammad's first convert?
Khadija.
How long did Muhammad receive revelations?
23 years.
What became the Quran?
The revelations received by Muhammad.
What was Muhammad's only claimed miracle?
The Quran.
Why did many Meccans oppose Muhammad?
His teachings challenged polytheism, immorality, and social injustice.
What city invited Muhammad to relocate?
Yathrib.
What is Yathrib known as today?
Medina.
What is the Hijra?
Muhammad's migration from Mecca to Medina.
In what year did the Hijra occur?
622 CE.
Why is the Hijra important?
It marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar.
What role did Muhammad assume in Medina?
Religious and political leader.
Who is believed to have built the Ka'ba?
Abraham.
What structure became Islam's focal point?
The Ka'ba.
When did Muhammad die?
632 CE.
What was under Muhammad's control when he died?
Virtually all of Arabia.
What is the Quran called by Muslims?
The standing miracle.
What does Quran mean?
Recitation.
How many chapters are in the Quran?
114.
What are Quran chapters called?
Surahs.
Over how many years was the Quran revealed?
23 years.
Who are called the People of the Book?
Jews, Christians, and Muslims.
What scriptures preceded the Quran?
The Torah and the Gospel.
In what language was the Quran revealed?
Arabic.
How does God generally speak in the Quran?
In the first person.
What are the four major theological concepts in Islam?
God, Creation, the Human Self, and the Day of Judgment.
What is Islam's view of God?
Absolute monotheism.
What Christian doctrine does Islam reject?
The Trinity.
What claim about Jesus does Islam reject?
That Jesus is God.
What characteristic of God is emphasized most in the Quran?
Mercy.
What is the Islamic view of creation?
It was deliberately created by God's will.
Is the material world considered good or evil in Islam?
Good.
What is fitra?
Humanity's original good nature.
What is ghaflah?
Forgetting one's divine origin.
What is the closest concept Islam has to original sin?
Ghaflah.
What are the two chief human obligations?
Gratitude and surrender to God.
Who is the supreme example of surrender in Islam?
Abraham.
What two qualities characterize the human self?
Individuality and freedom.
When is individuality most fully revealed?
On the Day of Judgment.
What happens on the Day of Judgment?
Each soul is judged for its actions.
What determines a person's fate after death?
Their actions and obedience to God.
What are the two destinations after judgment?
Heaven and Hell.
What are the Five Pillars of Islam?
The core practices of Muslim religious life.
What is the First Pillar of Islam?
The Shahadah.
What is the Shahadah?
There is no god but God and Muhammad is His Prophet.
What is the Second Pillar?
Prayer.
How many times per day do Muslims pray?
Five.
What are the five daily prayer times?
Dawn, noon, afternoon, sunset, and evening.
Toward what city do Muslims pray?
Mecca.
What day is especially important for communal worship?
Friday.
What themes dominate Islamic prayer?
Praise, gratitude, and supplication.
Why do Muslims pray regularly?
To keep life centered on God.
What is the Third Pillar?
Charity.
What is zakat?
Required charitable giving.
What percentage is traditionally given as zakat?
2.5%.
Who receives charitable aid?
The poor, debtors, travelers, and others in need.
What is the Fourth Pillar?
Fasting during Ramadan.
Why is Ramadan important?
It commemorates Muhammad's first revelation.
What is prohibited during daytime Ramadan fasting?
Food, drink, and smoking.
Why do Muslims fast?
To develop self-discipline, compassion, and dependence on God.
What is the Fifth Pillar?
Pilgrimage.
What is the pilgrimage to Mecca called?
Hajj.
How many times should a capable Muslim perform Hajj?
At least once in a lifetime.
Why do pilgrims wear simple garments during Hajj?
To symbolize equality before God.
Name three prohibited behaviors in Islam.
Gambling, stealing, and lying.
Name three more prohibited behaviors in Islam.
Eating pork, drinking intoxicants, and sexual promiscuity.
What social changes did Islam bring to Arabia?
Reduced violence, increased justice, and improved treatment of women.
What does Islamic economics emphasize?
Fair distribution of wealth.
What balances competition in Islamic economics?
Fair play and compassion.
What inheritance practice did Islam oppose?
Primogeniture.
How did Islam improve women's status?
Through inheritance rights and marriage protections.
Did Islam prohibit female infanticide?
Yes.
Is a woman's consent required for marriage?
Yes.
How many wives may a Muslim man have?
Up to four.
What condition must be met for multiple wives?
Equal treatment.
What marital model do many Muslim scholars see as ideal?
Monogamy.
What does Islam teach about race?
All races are equal before God.
Who was Bilal?
An Ethiopian and Islam's first muezzin.
What does jihad literally mean?
Struggle or exertion.
What is the greater jihad?
The struggle against one's own inner evil.
When is war justified in Islam?
For defense or correcting serious injustice.
What famous Quranic statement defends religious freedom?
There is no compulsion in religion.
How did Muhammad treat Jews and Christians in Medina?
He granted religious toleration.