Forensics chapter 1 third 25

51. Who was Sherlock Holmes partly based on?

→ Conan Doyle’s medical school professor at the University of Edinburgh.

52. Who created Hercule Poirot?

→ Agatha Christie.

53. Where did Hercule Poirot first appear?

→ The Mysterious Affair at Styles in 1920.

54. Who created Miss Marple?

→ Agatha Christie.

55. Where did Miss Marple first appear?

→ The Tuesday Night Club in 1927.

56. What was the Detection Club?

→ A 1930 group of crime writers discussing crime fiction and scientific detection.

57. What did Detection Club members discuss?

→ Technical/scientific crime detection and possible directions for real science.

58. What is the CSI Effect?

→ TV crime shows can create unrealistic expectations about forensic evidence.

59. How can TV portray forensic science unrealistically?

→ By making it seem faster, more certain, and more conclusive than real investigations.

60. Why can the CSI Effect matter in court?

→ Jurors may expect forensic evidence or certainty similar to crime shows.

61. What five major cases regulate forensic/expert evidence?

→ Frye, Daubert, Joiner, Kumho, and Melendez-Diaz.

62. What is binding precedent?

→ A higher-court decision that binds lower courts.

63. What is forensic evidence supposed to do in court?

→ Inform the court and help determine facts where scientific expertise is lacking.

64. What does “admissible evidence” mean?

→ Evidence that is allowed to be presented/considered in court.

65. What year was Frye v. United States?

→ 1923.

66. What happened in Frye?

→ A murder trial involved a proposed lie detector test.

67. What is the Frye Test?

→ Scientific evidence must have general acceptance in its relevant scientific field.

68. Why was the lie detector excluded in Frye?

→ It was not sufficiently accepted by the scientific community.

69. What is the key word for Frye?

→ GENERAL ACCEPTANCE.

70. What year was Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals?

→ 1993.c

71. What was Daubert about?

→ A lawsuit claiming Bendectin caused birth defects.

72. What major idea came from Daubert?

→ The judge acts as the “gatekeeper” for scientific evidence.

73. What does the Daubert gatekeeper do?

→ Determines whether expert reasoning/methodology is scientifically valid and relevant.

74. Does Daubert require general acceptance alone?

→ No. Evidence can be admissible if it meets reliability criteria.

75. What is Daubert Criterion #1?

→ Testability: Can the theory or technique be tested?