Gait and Postural Control

What are the two primary goals of gait?

Vertical support and balance

What is an effector system?

Structures that are controlled by the nervous system (soft tissue and skeletal structures)

Core locomotor patterns are controlled by - - - in the - and -

central pattern generators in the spine and brainstem

Dynamic equilibrium is controlled reactively and proactively. How is it controlled proactively?

Anticipatory postural adjustments (APA)

Power= - * -

• Power is necessary for - -. When it is negative, we - energy and contraction is -. When it is positive, we - energy and contraction is -.

Force * velocity

• Great movement. absorb, eccentric. generate, concentric.

Force is created by - -, velocity by - - -

Muscle strength, ROM

During stance phase, GRF through support foot looks like what?

120, then 80, then 120% BW (80 during mid-stance)

What is the 2/3rd-2/3rds problem?

Humans are bipeds, we function like an inverted pendulum. 2/3 of our body weight is located above 2/3rds point of our height.

• Means we have to be incredibly strong to stay upright

ML displacement of COM during gait

2cm each direction

Foot pattern for pressure?

Heel and then goes distal-MEDIAL throughout stance phase

When I step with my foot, what side back muscles turn on?

Contralateral to stabilize

List out beginning gait sequence

WS to swing leg, WS off of it to lift hip up, adduct slightly with stance leg, catch by turning on adductors in stance leg, plant swing leg

Anticipatory postural control centers?

SMA, brainstem, spinal cord

What are five domains of gait and which is most affected by cognitive changes/PD?

Pace, rhythym, variability, asymmetry, postural control

Gait disturbances can be a result of interruption of - and/or -

• If both, then - are off (- first)

automaticity, cognition

• Priorities (thinking comes first)

Most crucial muscle group for gait?

Trunk control

Instead of Lokomat or BWSTT, we should be doing - - training for neuro re-ed of gait

Split-belt (treadmill)