The Jackson Era

Tariff of 1828

Also known as the 'Tariff of Abominations', it imposed high duties on imported goods, leading to conflict between the North and South.

John C. Calhoun

A prominent politician from South Carolina who was a strong advocate for states' rights and nullification.

Secession

The act of withdrawing from an organization or political entity, notably used by Southern states during the Civil War.

Nullification

The theory that states have the right to invalidate any federal law they deem unconstitutional.

Force Bill

A bill that authorized the president to use military force to enforce federal laws, particularly during the nullification crisis.

Indian Removal Act

A law passed in 1830 that authorized the removal of Native American tribes from their homelands to designated territories west of the Mississippi River.

Worcester v. Georgia

A Supreme Court case that ruled in favor of the Cherokee Nation, stating that states could not impose laws on Native American lands.

Trail of Tears

The forced relocation of the Cherokee Nation, resulting in the death of thousands due to harsh conditions.

“Tippecanoe and Tyler too”

A campaign slogan for the 1840 presidential election, referring to William Henry Harrison's victory at the Battle of Tippecanoe.

German immigrants

Many settled in the Midwest, particularly in states like Wisconsin and Missouri, bringing with them cultural influences.

Irish immigrants

A flood of Irish immigrants arrived during this era due to the Great Famine in Ireland.

2nd Bank of the U.S.

Chartered in 1816, it was created to stabilize the economy and regulate currency.

McCulloch v. Maryland

A landmark Supreme Court case that established the supremacy of federal laws over state laws.

Pet Banks

State banks selected by the U.S. Department of Treasury to receive surplus government funds after Andrew Jackson vetoed the recharter of the Second Bank.

Panic of 1837

A financial crisis that led to a severe economic depression in the United States.

National Nominating Conventions

Replaced the caucus system as a new way for political parties to select candidates, promoting broader participation.

Property requirement for Voting

Restrictions that prevented many from voting, which were gradually lifted during the Jacksonian Era.

Spoils System

The practice of appointing supporters to government positions after electoral victory.

Prison Reform

A movement aimed at improving conditions in prisons and the treatment of inmates.

Dorothea Dix

An advocate for the mentally ill who worked to improve conditions in asylums and prisons.

Horace Mann

An education reformer known for promoting universal public education.

Second Great Awakening

A religious revival movement that aimed to renew interest in religion and address declining church membership.

Utopian Movements

Groups that sought to create ideal communities based on cooperative living and shared values.

Romanticism

An artistic and intellectual movement emphasizing emotion, nature, and individualism.

The “Whig” Party

A political party formed in the 1830s opposing Andrew Jackson, favoring a strong legislative branch and modernization.

Temperance Movement

A social movement aimed at reducing the consumption of alcohol.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A leading figure in the early women's rights movement, known for her role in organizing the Seneca Falls Convention.

Abolitionists

Individuals who sought to end slavery in the United States.

Gradualism

The belief in the gradual abolition of slavery rather than immediate emancipation.

Sectionalism

Loyalty to a specific region rather than the whole country, especially concerning attitudes towards slavery.

Personal Liberty Laws

Laws enacted in several U.S. states to counteract the Fugitive Slave Act.

Fredrick Douglass

An escaped slave and prominent abolitionist who advocated for civil rights and equality.

William Lloyd Garrison

A leading abolitionist known for his radical views and founding the anti-slavery newspaper The Liberator.

John Tyler

The 10th president of the United States, who succeeded Harrison and faced many political challenges.

Martin Van Buren

The 8th president of the United States, known for his role in the Panic of 1837.

William Henry Harrison

The 9th president of the United States, known for his short term and military background.

Andrew Jackson

The 7th president of the United States, a controversial figure known for his populist approach and policies like the Indian Removal Act.