chapter 2 section 1 terms

anabolism

process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids

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catabolism

process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released

cell membrane

structure surrounding and protecting the cell. it determines what enters and leaves the cell

chromosomes

rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes

cytoplasm

all of the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. here, large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces (amino acids)

genes

regions of DNA within each chromosome

karyotype

picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. the chromosomes are arranged in numeric order to determine their number and structure

metabolism

total of the chemical processes in a cell. it includes catabolism and anabolism.

mitochondria

rod-shaped structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy for the cell. catabolism occurs in here

nucleus

control center of the cell. it contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell

ribosomes

small granules on the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell. arrange amino acids on the endoplasmic reticulum to make proteins