CH 20 - Additional Diseases

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering systemic and zoonotic infections, causative agents, vectors, clinical presentations, and treatments based on the lecture notes.

Septicemia (Septic Shock)

A condition in which bacteria enter the bloodstream from sites of infection and multiply, releasing toxic substances that cause the release of cytokines resulting in fever and inflammation.

Plague

A disease transmitted by rat fleas that causes fever and massive blood clotting throughout the body.

Plague Treatment

Streptomycin or tetracycline.

Yersinia pestis

The causative agent of plague, usually transmitted by a flea vector, characterized by a unique "safety pin" appearance.

Gangrene (Myconecrosis)

A condition in which a wound is infected with endospores, leading to a superficial infection, cellulitis, and subsequent myonecrosis caused by toxins.

Gangrene Treatment

Debridement, penicillin, and hyperbaric chamber therapy (exposure to a very high concentration of oxygen).

Infectious Mononucleosis

An infection caused by Epstein-Barr Virus and Cytomegalovirus transmitted via close oral contact; it begins with a sore throat with swollen glands, followed by fever.

Lyme Disease

An illness caused by Borrelia burgdorferi and spread by the nymph stage of deer ticks (~$36\,\text{hours}$), commonly causing an expanding, ring-shaped red rash at the tick bite site followed by flu-like symptoms.

Erythema migrans

A bull’s-eye, expanding ring-shaped red rash at the portal of entry associated with Lyme disease.

Anthrax

A zoonotic disease primarily affecting grazing animals such as cattle, sheep, and goats, in which vegetative bacterial cells produce a necrotizing toxin that forms pustular lesions called eschars.

Eschars

Pustular lesions that develop during anthrax infection as a result of a necrotizing toxin produced by vegetative bacterial cells.

Human Feces

A transmission mode that is not associated with bubonic plague.

Parenteral

The route through which acute endocarditis is most commonly contracted.

Fleas

The insect vectors through which bubonic plague is transmitted.