Unit 01: Exploring the Past - Ancient Civilizations Vocabulary

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Vocabulary practice flashcards covering key historical terms, governance concepts, cultural aspects, and ancient civilization terminology from Unit 01: Exploring the Past.

39 Terms

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Civilization (n)

حضارة (Civilization)

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Emergence (n)

ظهور / نشأة (Emergence / Appearance)

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Conquest (n)

غزو (Conquest)

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Archaeology (n)

علم الآثار / علم الصخور (Archaeology)

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Settlement (n)

استيطان (Settlement)

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Prosperity (n)

ازدهار (Prosperity)

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Collapse (n / v)

انهيار / ينهار (Collapse / Fall down)

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Fall into ruins / decay (v)

يسقط (To fall into ruins or decay)

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Flourish (v) / Bloom (v)

يزدهر / يزهر (To flourish or thrive)

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Cultivate (v)

يزرع / يحرث (To cultivate or till land)

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Irrigation (n)

السقي / الري (Irrigation)

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Fertile crescent (n)

الهلال الخصيب (The Fertile Crescent)

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Fertile

Productive / fruitful (خصبة)

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Arid

قاحلة / جافة (Arid / Dry)

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Drought

الجفاف (Drought)

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Famine

المجاعة (Famine)

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Mummification (n)

تحنيط (Mummification)

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Mummy (n)

مومياء (Mummy)

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Dynasty (n)

سلالة / سلالة حاكمة (Dynasty / Ruling line)

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Pharaoh (n)

فرعون (Pharaoh)

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Cuneiform (n)

كتابة مسمارية (Cuneiform script)

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Hieroglyphics (n)

كتابة هيروغليفية (Hieroglyphics script)

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Papyrus

الورق (Papyrus paper)

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Clay tablets

صفائح من الصلصال / الطين تكتب عليها قديما (Ancient clay tablets used for writing)

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Timber

Wood (حطب / لوح / خشب)

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Polytheism (n)

إيمان بعدة آلهة (Polytheism / Belief in multiple gods)

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Nomad (n)

البدو والرحل (Nomad)

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Anthropology (n)

علم الإنسان (Anthropology)

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Water wheel

(عجلة الماء) ناعورة (Water wheel / Noria)

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Barter - barterer

قايض / مقايض (To barter / Barterer)

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City-state

دويلة (City-state)

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Nation-state

سلطة مركزية (Nation-state / Centralized authority)

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Monarchy

الملكية (Monarchy)

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Aristocracy - aristocrat - aristocratic

ارستقراطية / ارستقراط / ارستقراطي (Aristocracy / Aristocrat / Aristocratic)

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Tyranny / tyranne

استبداد / مستبد (Tyranny / Tyrant)

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Vandalism / Vandal

تخريب / مخرب (Vandalism / Vandal)

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Gladiator

مجالد (Gladiator)

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Holy

Sacred (مقدس)

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Threats that face modern civilization

Nuclear weapons, Political leaders, Pollution, Global warming / disasters, Covid 19