Biochemistry

adhesion

Water sticking to other surfaces.

Cohesion

Water sticking to water.

Capillary action

Water moving upward through a tiny space via adhesion and cohesion (e.g., up plant tubes).

Surface Tension

Water's surface sticking together.

Universal Solvent

Water (because it dissolves many substances).

Specific Heat capicity

How much heat a substance needs to warm up.

Heat of Vaporization

The energy needed to change a liquid into a gas.

Evaporative Cooling

Cooling caused by liquid evaporation.

Hydrogen Bond

; A weak attraction between different molecules.

Polar

Molecule that has partial charges.

Nonpolar

Molecule that has no charged ends.

Anion

A negative ion that gains electrons.

Cation

A positive ion that loses electrons.

Covalent Bond

A bond where atoms share electrons.

Homeostasis

Keeping the inside of the body stable.

Buffer

A substance that helps keep pH stable.

PH Scale rules

Measures acidity/basicity (Low = Acid | 7 = Neutral | High = Base).

Hydrogen ion

Ion that makes solutions acidic.

hydroxide

Ion that helps make solutions basic.

neatralization

Acid + Base → Water + Salt.

Monomer

A single building block of a polymer.

Polymer

Many monomers joined together.

Macromolecule

; A large biological molecule.

Organic Compounds

Carbon-based compounds, usually containing C + H.

inorganic compounds

Usually compounds without carbon-hydrogen bonds.

dehydration synthesis

Joins molecules together by removing water.

hydrolysis

Breaks molecules apart using water.

calorie

A unit of energy.

micronutrition

Nutrients needed by the body in small amounts.

cell

The basic unit of life.

Carbohydrate

Main source of quick energy (contains C, H, O; often ends in "-ose").

monossarchide

1 sugar unit.

dissacharide

e ; 2 sugar units joined together.

Oligosaccharide

3–10 sugar units joined together.

Polyssacharide

Many sugar units joined together.

Glycolinkage Linkage

The bond that connects sugars together.

Starch

Glucose storage molecule in plants.

Cellulose

Plant material that provides structure.

glycogen

Glucose storage molecule in animals.

protein

Macromolecule made of amino acids (contains C, H, O, N, sometimes S).

amino acid

The building block of proteins.