UNIT THREE TISSUE

What are the four types of tissue found in the human body?

Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.

What is epithelial tissue?

The layer of cells forming the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucous and serous membranes.

What is connective tissue?

The most widespread and varied tissue; it connects the body together and supports, binds, or protects organs.

What is muscle tissue?

Tissue consisting of contractile cells or fibers that cause movement of an organ or body part.

What is nervous tissue?

Tissue with a high degree of excitability and conductivity that makes up the nervous system.

What are the four main functions associated with connective tissue?

Connecting, supporting, binding, and protecting.

What is squamous epithelium?

Epithelial tissue consisting of thin, flat cells.

What is cuboidal epithelium?

Epithelial tissue consisting of cells having a cube-like shape.

What is columnar epithelium?

Epithelial tissue composed of cells having a tall, columnar shape.

Which epithelial tissue has thin, flat cells?

Squamous epithelium.

Which epithelial tissue has cube-shaped cells?

Cuboidal epithelium.

Which epithelial tissue has tall, column-shaped cells?

Columnar epithelium.

What is glandular epithelium?

A type of epithelium consisting of glands that secrete a particular substance.

What is a gland?

A collection of epithelial cells that specializes in secretion of a particular substance.

What is a goblet cell?

A modified columnar cell containing secretory vesicles that produce large quantities of mucus.

What is an endocrine gland?

A gland that secretes its product, called a hormone, directly into the bloodstream.

Where does an endocrine gland release its product?

Directly into the bloodstream.

What is an exocrine gland?

A gland that secretes its product into a duct, which then empties onto a body surface or inside a body cavity.

Where does an exocrine gland release its product?

Into a duct.

What is the main difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts.

What is adipose tissue?

A type of loose connective tissue dominated by fat cells.

What is areolar tissue?

loose connective tissue that lies beneath almost all epithelia.

What is reticular tissue?

Tissue consisting of a loose network of reticular fibers and cells that forms the framework of the spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow.

Where is reticular tissue found?

In the spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow.

What is osseous tissue?

Bone tissue.

What is plasma?

The liquid matrix of blood.

What is fascia?

A sheet of dense connective tissue that binds organs and muscles.

What are fibroblasts?

Cells that secrete collagen, which forms scar tissue inside a wound.

What are chondrocytes?

Cartilage-forming cells.

What are osteocytes?

Bone-forming cells.

What is hyaline cartilage?

The most common type of cartilage; it is found in joints, the larynx, and the trachea.

What is the most common type of cartilage?

Hyaline cartilage.

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

In joints, the larynx, and the trachea.

What is articular cartilage?

A type of hyaline cartilage found at the ends of bones in movable joints.

What is elastic cartilage?

Cartilage that provides flexible support to the external ear and epiglottis.

Where is elastic cartilage found?

In the external ear and epiglottis.

What is fibrocartilage?

The strongest type of cartilage; it forms the discs between vertebrae.

What is the strongest type of cartilage?

Fibrocartilage.

Where is fibrocartilage found?

In the discs between vertebrae.

What are ligaments?

Dense, cord-like connective tissue that binds bones to bones.

What do ligaments connect?

Bone to bone.

What are tendons?

Dense, cord-like connective tissue that attaches muscles to bones.

What do tendons connect?

Muscle to bone.

What is the difference between a tendon and a ligament?

A tendon attaches muscle to bone, while a ligament binds bone to bone.

What is regeneration?

A type of tissue repair in which damaged tissue cells are replaced with the same type of cells, resulting in functional new tissue.

During regeneration, what replaces the damaged cells?

The same type of cells.

What is fibrosis?

The repair and replacement of damaged tissue with connective tissue, mainly collagen.

What type of tissue is mainly involved in fibrosis?

Connective tissue, mainly collagen.

What are fibroblasts responsible for during tissue repair?

They secrete collagen, which forms scar tissue inside a wound.

What is granulation tissue?

Newly formed tissue inside a wound.

What is necrosis?

Irreversible cell injury and death in tissues and organs.

What is gangrene?

Bacterially infected necrotic tissue.

What is the difference between necrosis and gangrene?

Necrosis is irreversible cell injury and tissue death, while gangrene is necrotic tissue that has become bacterially infected.

What is a mucous membrane?

An epithelial membrane that lines body surfaces that open directly to the body's exterior.

What type of body surfaces are lined by mucous membranes?

Body surfaces that open directly to the body's exterior.

What is a serous membrane?

A membrane composed of simple squamous epithelium resting on a thin layer of areolar connective tissue.

Where are serous membranes found?

They line some closed body cavities and cover many of the organs in those cavities.

What tissues make up a serous membrane?

Simple squamous epithelium resting on a thin layer of areolar connective tissue.

What is a stem cell?

A specialized cell that can differentiate into many different types of cells.

What is sarcopenia?

Loss of muscle mass, strength, and function due to aging.

What is metabolic syndrome?

A cluster of conditions including increased blood pressure, elevated blood glucose, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels.