(B2) Feline And Canine Male Reproductive Disorders

what is Cryptorchidism

One or both testicles are retained

Testicles should descend by — - — months of age

2 - 6 months

what causes cryptorchidism (1)

Hereditary

Breeders may ask for an implant so they can show. This practice is —

illegal

Retained testicles are at a higher risk of — —

testicular cancer

how to treat cryptorchism

castration

In dogs with prostatic disease, the prostate will — in size and weight as the dog matures. When dogs are neutered before maturity, this growth is —

increase , halted

purpose of prostate

produce fluid as a transport and support for sperm during ejaculation

what are 5 disorders of the prostate (5)

1. Cysts

2. Neoplasia

3. benign hyperplasia

4. prostatitis

5. prostatic abscessation

what causes benign hyperplasia (1)

Due to a hormone imbalance of estrogen and androgens

— — Results in enlargement of the gland and increased blood supply to the gland, making it bleed easier

Benign Hyperplasia

clinical signs of benign hyperplasia (3)

1. Tenesmus

2. Prostate is enlarged, non-painful, and symmetrical when palpated

3. none

define Tenesmus

a persistent, uncomfortable sensation that you need to empty your bowels (rectal tenesmus) or bladder (vesical tenesmus) even when they are already empty

how to diagnose benign hyperplasia (1)

biopsy

how to treat benign hyperplasia (3)

1. castration

2. Low dose estrogen therapy

3. Other hormone therapies to block testosterone turnover

how to prevent benign hyperplasia

early castration

what causes prostatitis (7)

1. E. coli

2. Proteus

3. Klebsiella

4. Pseudomonas

5. Streptococcus

6. Staphylococcus

7. B. canis

clinical signs of acute prostatitis (5)

1. anorexia

2. fever

3. lethargy

4. stiff gait in rear limbs

5. caudal abdominal pain

clinical signs of chronic prostatitis (2)

1. asymptomatic

2. chronic UTI’s

how to diagnose prostatitis (4)

1. RBC’s in urine

2. WBC’s in urine

3. bacteria in urine

4. urine culture

how to treat prostatitis (4)

1. 28 days of antibiotics for acute

2. 6 weeks of antibiotics for chronic

3. Castration

4. Prostatectomy

what is Prostatic Abscessation

Serious bacterial infection where pockets of purulent discharge form in the gland

what is prognosis for Prostatic Abscessation : —% after — yrs

50% after 1 yrs

clinical signs of Prostatic Abscessation (8)

1. Tenesmus

2. Urethral discharge

3. Lethargy

4. Pain

5. Vomiting

6. Hematuria

7. Fever

8. Depression

how to diagnose Prostatic Abscessation

1. CBC

2. Chemistry

3. Prostate aspiration

how to treat Prostatic Abscessation (5)

1. Surgical drainage

2. Castration

3. Antibiotics

4. IV fluids

5. supportive care

what causes Orchitis and Epididymitis (3)

1. infectious causes

2. related to an immune-mediated response

3. non-inflammatory

what causes non-inflammatory Orchitis and Epididymitis (6)

1. heat exopsure

2. cold exposure

3. cytotoxic agents

4. hormonal changes from drugs

5. tumours

6. environment

clinical signs of Orchitis and Epididymitis (5)

1. Pain in testes

2. enlargement of the testis

3. epididymis

4. Decreased semen quality

5. Poor libido

Orchitis and Epididymitis Can sometimes be mistaken for — —

testicular masses

how to diagnose Orchitis and Epididymitis (6)

1. Ultrasound

2. FNA

3. swabs

4. biopsies

5. Semen evaluation

6. Bacterial culture

if an animal tests positive for Brucellosis, the animal needs to be (3)

1. castrated

2. isolated

3. euthanized

how to treat Orchitis and Epididymitis (4)

1. Castration

2. Antimicrobials

3. Antifungals

4. immunosuppressives

how to prevent Orchitis and Epididymitis

castration

what causes Testicular Tumors (2)

1. Seen in intact dogs between 9-12 years of age the most

2. Cryptorchid patients are most at risk

clinical signs of testicular tumors (15)

1. One or both testicles may be affected

2. Affected testicle(s) may be larger, firm, and painful to palpate

3. tumours may be felt

4. none

5. weight loss

6. poor appetite

7. abdominal pain

8. mass that can be palpated in the abdomen

9. Difficulty urinating

10. enlargement of the mammary glands

11. hair loss on the trunk of the body

12. darkening of the skin

13. low RBC

14. low WBC

15. low platelet counts

how to diagnose testicular tumors (8)

1. checking for swollen lymph nodes

2. examining prostate

3. examining the testicles

4. X-rays

5. ultrasound

6. CBC

7. Chem

8. FNA

how to treat testicular tumors

1. Castration

2. Histopathology of testicles

3. +/- chemotherapy and radiation

define metastasize

for cancer cells to break away from an original (primary) tumor, travel to other parts of the body, and form new secondary tumors

how to prevent testicular tumors

castration

Most common type is — — — and is only in dogs (Penile, Preputial, and Scrotal Tumours)

transmissible venereal tumour

TVT stands for

transmissible venereal tumour

Penile, Preputial, and Scrotal Tumours are Seen only in temperate climates where there are larger populations of …

stray dogs

clinical signs of Penile, Preputial, and Scrotal Tumours (2)

1. Cauliflower-like masses at the base of the penis or on the lining of the prepuce

2. Lesions can also be seen on the face and rectum

how to diagnose Penile, Preputial, and Scrotal Tumours (1)

cytology

how to treat Penile, Preputial, and Scrotal Tumours (3)

1. May spontaneously regress

2. Chemotherapy

3. Surgical removal

how to prevent Penile, Preputial, and Scrotal Tumours

castration

what causes paraphimosis (3)

1. Occurs in males commonly after manual semen collection but can also occur after regular mating

2. The skin at the preputial orifice becomes inverted trapping the penis and preventing proper drainage

3. Can also be caused by hair rings or other traumas

what is paraphimosis

the complete inability to reduce the penis back into the preputial cavity

clinical signs of paraphimosis (6)

1. Penis remains exposed after stimulation

2. edematous

3. Mucosa will become dry the longer the penis remains out

4. Pain

5. redness

6. Self trauma

how to diagnose paraphimosis (2 (NOT WHAT U EXPECT))

1. History

2. clinical signs

how to treat paraphimosis (7)

1. Mucosa of the penis is cleaned

2. mucosa of the penis has lubricant is added

3. Penis is extruded further to help evert the skin

4. cold compresses

5. sedation

6. Surgery

7. Urinary catheters