1.1.1-3 Distinctive landscapes of the UK

1.1.1 What makes landscapes distinctive in the UK? 1.1.2 How are physical landscapes in the UK affected by human activity? 1.1.3 How can landscapes in the UK be managed?

What are upland areas?

Landscapes that are high above sea level

What is the geology of upland areas?

Harder, more resistant rocks which erode slowly, including metamorphic, igenous and older sedimentary rocks

Add a flashcard on main cities in the UK?

Great diagram on SENECA

Name some upland areas in the UK

Southern Uplands, Lake District, Snowdonia

What are lowland areas?

Lowland areas have younger, less resistant sedimentary rocks, such as chalk and clay

What is a honeypot site?

A site which attracts a large number of visitors as they are exceptionally attractive and easily accessible

What is carrying capacity?

The number of people that a landscape can support before any lasting damage is done

What is rural diversification?

The development of new businesses in the countryside, often in leisure or tourism rather than farming

What is AONB?

Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty

What are the positive effects of human activity on landscapes? (5 factors)

1. Increase in _ in tourism

2. _ drivers, boost in trade

3. Increase in wealth for residents and local _

4. _ jobs help to compensate for decline of employment in agriculture

5. Keeps young people in local settlements, maintains _ services

1. Increase in employment in tourism

2. Taxi drivers, boost in trade

3. Increase in wealth for residents and local economy

4. Tourism jobs help to compensate for decline of employment in agriculture

5. Keeps young people in local settlements, maintains local services

What are the negative effects of human activity on landscapes? (6 factors)

1. _ jobs mean people aren’t employed all year round

2. Loss of local shops to _ shops

3. _ of footpaths and natural land

4. Traffic and parking problems can lead to local _

5. Tourists buy second homes, increases _ prices

6. Increase in _ and air pollution from cars and coaches

1. Seasonal jobs mean people aren’t employed all year round

2. Loss of local shops to gift shops

3. Erosion of footpaths and natural land

4. Traffic and parking problems can lead to local conflicts

5. Tourists buy second homes, increases house prices

6. Increase in litter and air pollution from cars and coaches

What are consequences of people walking along sand dunes?

Erosion, resulting in plants dying and the formation of blowouts in the sand dunes

What is marram grass and why is it essential?

Grass which is vital in stabilising embryo dunes

What are consequences of tourists leaving litter?

Visual pollution and fires would spread quickly. Animals may eat litter which puts biodiversity at risk

What are consequences of dogs’ excrement on the beach?

Not easily broken down and stays on the surface for a long time, negatively affecting the vegetation on the sand dunes

What makes Studland Bay distinctive CULTURALLY?

1. Seahorses first photographed here

2. Attracts divers and marine biologists

3. General recreation and food

What makes Studland Bay distinctive (GEOLOGY)?

1. Discordant coast line (perpendicular layers of alternating rock types)

2. Depositional beach

3. Headlands and bays

What makes Studland Bay distinctive (LAND USE)?

1. Over 25,000 people on site on average

2. Oil drigging rig, produces many barrels of oil (number dropping now though)

What makes Studland Bay distinctive in terms of vegetation?

1. Sea grass, lots of marram grass

2. Pioneer species

What challenges can Studland Bay being a honey pot site create? (4 points here starting R, N, D, E)

1. Requires more careful management

2. Noise and environmental pollution

3. Degredation

4. Environment can become damaged if number of visitors exceeds carrying capacity

What is Ynyslas?

A sand dune environment in Wales

Name some Studland Bay management strategies specific to human activity

1. Barbecue zoning

2. Kite-launching area

3. No-boating area

4. Horse riding times restricted

How does replanting vegetation help manage Studland Bay?

Encourages growth of embryo dunes

How does a visitor centre help manage Studland Bay?

Provides informations, educates visitors, employs local people

How does extending car parks and placing posts on the beach help manage Studland Bay?

More room, increases safety, protects sand dunes

How do litter and recycling bins help manage Studland Bay?

Encourages visitors dispose their waste

How do information boards help manage Studland Bay?

Safety information and educational information

How do fences help manage Studland Bay?

Keeps visitors on footpaths and reduces footpath erosion

How do boardwalks help manage Studland Bay?

Gives people access to the beach, stops trampling on vegetation

What is farm diversification?

When a farm increases the ways it makes money beyond farming, eg shop, cafe, campsite

What is the multiplier effect?

A snowballing effect, where economic activity creates jobs, supports other businesses directly or indirectly, thereby increasing incomes and taxes

What is sustainability?

Using resources responsibly without damaging the ability of future generations to support their own needs