politics, core political ideas

what are the five key concepts of liberalism

rationalism

individualism

freedom

equality

democracy

define rationalism

belief or action done due to reason and knowledge not emotion

define individualism

individuals should be free to act without the states control

define freedom in liberalist context

freedom from the oppressive restrictions of the state

define equality in liberalist context

equal treatment from the state in status, rights and opportunities (social justice)

define democracy

government rules with the consent of the people

state the five main liberal theorists and whether they were classical or modern

classical - John Locke, Mary Wollstencraft, John Stuart Mill

modern - John Rawls, Betty Freidan

what did ____ _____ advocate due to his beleif in human tolerance and rationality

John Locke advocated freedom to express religion because humans could naturally disagree peacefully

what is the social contract and who came up with it

an imaginary agreement between citizens and the state to give up some liberty in return for protection

John Locke

what is hedonism with an example

pursuit of pleasure for its own sake e.g listening to music, going out to eat

what did john Stuart mill believe about hedonsim and give his quote

he criticised it and advocated development individualism meaning people should use freedom to develop themselves e.g make music not listen to it

freedom

“better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied”

what did wolstonecraft beleive about women and society, explain with a quote and state

women “neglected education” allowed the “tyranny of men” and women should use their freedom to improve their intellect because “intellect will always govern”

what idea did _._ G____ present that differentiated classical and modern liberalism

T.H Green believed liberty was either negative (freedom from) or positive (freedom to)

describe negative liberty

freedom from …

under negative liberty individuals would be free from oppression/theft etc due to the systems in play (police etc)

describe positive liberty

freedom to…

individuals are enabled to chase their potential thanks to systems like education and healthcare

how can positive and negative liberty diffrentiate classical and modern liberalists

classical liberalists believe only negative liberty should be into play and indivduals can chase potential on their own

modern liberals believe negative and positive liberty should be accessible

what is lassez faire captalism

a form of capitalism where there is minimal government intervention and individuals and businesses can freely pursue their economic goals

what did Freidan campaign for and why

laws on equal pay and maternity rights to enable equal opportunities

describe meritocracy and who believes it is crucial

people are judged on their personality and skills rather than race, gender etc

modern liberals

what does friedan believe about women’s unequal position in society with a quote

women were “conforming to the conventional picture of femininity”