Sterilization and disinfection, Types of bacterial vaccines

What sets sterilization apart from disinfection and antisepsis

destruction of the endospores

Disinfection is done on ___________ while antisepsis is done on __________

• inanimate objects

• animals

What are the mediums of sterilization and disinfection

• heat

• radiation

• filtration

• chemical agent

Which is the only method of sterilization and disinfection could be used on animals

chemical agents

What methods of heat are considered sterilization

• autoclave

• baking

• incineration

Between autoclave and and baking which is more effective at sterilization

autoclave

What method of radiation is considered sterilization

Ionizing radiation

Filtration is a _____________ technique that is normally used on _____

• disinfection

• liquids

What types of chemical agents can be used on animals?

• soaps

• soluble alcohols

• salts

• quaternary ammonium

• biguanide compounds

What method of chemical agents are sterilizing agents

• ethylene oxide

• formaldehyde

• glutaraldehyde gas

• iodines

What chemical agent is most effective at killing bacteria on skin?

iodine in 70% alcohol

An optimal vaccine has what aspects?

• solid protection

• long lasting

• lack of adverse reaction

• quick development of immunity

What aspect of an optimal vaccine is most important in veterinary medicine?

quick development of immunity

What are the 3 types of vaccines that can be used for bacterial pathogens

• live attenuated

• Bacterins

• Toxoids

A live attenuated vaccine contains a ______ bacteria that has been modified to inhibit _________ but elicit a _____________ similar to natural infection

• live

• multiplication

• immune response

What are the two routes a live attenuated vaccine can be given

• parenteral

• oral

A live attenuated vaccine administered via the parenteral route is optimal for what type of bacteria?

facultative intracellular pathogens

vaccines administered via the oral route are optimal for what type of bacteria

enteric bacteria

Bacterins are whole __________ which are inactivated by using _________________ but maintain its structure

• whole killed bacteria

• physical or chemical agents

Bacterins are effective in inducing ____________

humoral immune responses

Toxoids are vaccines that contain ______________?

inactivated bacterial exotoxins

What specific bacterial pathogens would parenteral administration of a toxoid protect against?

• clostridium tetani

• Corynebacterium

Why are clostridium and Corynebacterium best protected against with a toxoid vaccine

they induce clinical signs by toxins