Integumentary System and Muscle Tissues

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering the Integumentary System, skin layers, cells, glands, hair, nails, and muscle tissue types.

Integumentary System

A system of organs that includes the skin, hair, nails, and cutaneous glands.

Epidermis

The outermost region of the skin composed of epithelium and connective tissue, containing cell types such as keratinocytes, melanocytes, dendritic cells, and tactile (Merkel) cells.

Dermis

The thick layer of living tissue below the epidermis which forms the true skin, containing blood capillaries, nerve endings, sweat glands, hair follicles, and other structures.

Hypodermis

The layer beneath the dermis composed of loose connective tissue along with fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages.

Keratinocytes

Cells located within the epidermis that produce keratin and form the primary cell population of the epidermal layers.

Melanocytes

Specialized pigment-producing cells located in the basal region of the epidermis.

Dendritic cells

Antigen-processing immune cells found within the epidermal layers of the skin.

Tactile (Merkel) cells

Epidermal cells associated with sensory neuron endings that function as receptors for touch.

Layers of Epidermis

The five structural layers of the epidermis consisting of the Stratum corneum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum granulosum, Stratum spinosum, and Stratum basale.

Papillary Area

The uppermost layer of the dermis composed of loose areolar connective tissue.

Reticular Area

The lower layer of the dermis composed of dense irregular connective tissue.

Hair Structure

An accessory organ of the integumentary system comprising the hair shaft, hair follicle, hair bulb, oil gland, sweat gland, artery, and vein.

Nail Structure

An accessory structure of the integumentary system containing the nail plate, lunula, cuticle, proximal nail fold, nail matrix, hyponychium, nail bed, and nail root.

Sebaceous (Oil) Glands

Cutaneous glands that produce sebum, an oily substance that lubricates the skin.

Eccrine Sweat Glands

Sweat glands that produce sweat composed of water, salt, and urea.

Apocrine Sweat Glands

Sweat glands that produce sweat composed of water, salt, urea, and fat-rich substances.

Muscle Tissues

Highly specialized tissues capable of contracting to produce body movement, divided into skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle types.

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

A type of striated muscle tissue specialized to contract and produce voluntary body movement.

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

A type of specialized striated muscle tissue found in the heart responsible for involuntary contraction.

Smooth Muscle Tissue

A type of non-striated muscle tissue that contracts involuntarily within internal organ walls and structures.