Chapter 14 Muscular System Medical Terminology and Movement Terms

Flexion

The action of bending or the condition of being bent, especially the bending of a limb or joint.

Hypertrophy

The enlargement of an organ or tissue from the increase in size of its cells.

Inversion

The process of turning inward the sole of the foot towards the body's midline.

Paralysis

The loss of the ability to move (and sometimes to feel anything) in part or most of the body, typically as a result of illness, poison, or injury.

Paraplegia

Paralysis of the legs and lower body, typically caused by spinal injury or disease.

Pronation

The act of turning the palm downward or when applied to the foot, the inward roll of the foot/ankle.

Myoglobin

A red protein containing heme that carries and stores oxygen in muscle cells.

Plantar flexion

The movement of the foot in which the foot or toes flex downward toward the sole.

Tendonitis

Inflammation of a tendon, often causing pain and swelling.

Myalgia

Pain in a muscle or group of muscles.

Myasthenia

Muscle weakness.

Kinesiology

The study of the mechanics of body movements.

Hyperkinesia

Excessive movement; an abnormally high level of activity.

Abduction

The movement of a limb or other part away from the midline of the body or from another part.

Adduction

The movement of a body part toward the body's midline.

Ataxia

The lack of muscle control or coordination of voluntary movements, such as walking or picking up objects.

Atrophy

The gradual wasting away, decrease in size, or degeneration of muscle or tissue.

Dyspnea

Difficult or labored breathing.

Dystrophy

A disorder in which an organ or tissue of the body wastes away.

Eversion

The action of turning outward the sole of the foot away from the body's midline.

Extension

A straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts.

ankyl/o

stiff or bent

electr/o

electricity; electrical activity

fasci/o

fascia

fibr/o

fibrous connective tissue

kinesi/o

movement, motion

kyph/o

hump

lamin/o

lamina (thin, flat plate or layer)

leimy/o

smooth (visceral) muscle that lines the walls of internal organs

my/o, myos/o

muscle

myel/o

spinal cord, bone marrow

myocardi/o

heart muscle

plant/o

sole of the foot

rhabd/o

rod-shaped, straited

sarc/o

flesh, connective tissue

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

tendon