spanish exam 1 2026

estar calenturiento

animate: feverish
inanimate: n/a

entretenido

ser entertaining

estar occupied/involved

interesado

ser mercenary

estar interested

nuevo

ser brand new

estar like new

vivo

ser lively, witty, bright

estar alive

contento

only estar

in happy mood

de acuerdo

only estar

in agreement

de buen/mal humor

only estar

in good/bad mood

de moda/pasado a de moda

only estar

fashionable, out of style unfashionable

aficionado

onnly ser

fond of

dificil de

only ser

hard, difficult to

responsable de

only ser

responsible for

listo para

only estar

ready to

cansado de

only estar

tired of

vestido de

only estar

dressed in/as

when to use preterite

1. happened/ended quickly

2. series of completed events

3. beginning/ending of action

whenb to use imperfect

1. past progressive .. was/were + -ing

2. repeated customary actions would + verb

3. describe/caracterize past

4. emotional/mental/physical state

5. time of day/season

preterite conjugations

ar

e-

aste

o-

amos

aron

er/ir

i-

iste

io-

imos

ieron

imperfect conjugations

ar

aba

abas

aba

a-bamos

aban

er/ir

i-a

i-as

i-a

i-amos

i-an

irregular preterite

ser/ir: fui

dar: di

ver: vi

---

tener: tuve

estar: estuv

poder: pud

poner: pus

saber: sup

querer: quis

venir: vin

hacer: hice/hiz

decir: dij

traer: traj

conducir: conduj

---

car → que-

gar → gue-

zar → ce-

---

e → i

o → u

irregular imperfect

ir: iba

ser: era

ver: vei-a

i have been action for time

hace time que present tense

present desde hace time

llevo time gerund of verb : verb with -ndo ending

i had been action for time when…

haci-a time que imperfect

time “years ago“

it has been time since…

hace time que preterite

haci-a time que pluperfect (habi-a, habi-as, habi-a, habi-amos, habi-an)

pret change meaning

conoci-: i met, made acquaintance of

costo-: it cost (after purchasing)
pude: i was able to and did

---

no pude: i tried but couldnt

quise: tried to

no quise: i refused to and wouldnt

supe: i learned found out

---

tuve: i had, received

tuve que: i had to and did do it

imperfect change meaning

conoci-a: i knew, was acquainted w/

costaba: it cost before purchasing

podi-a: i could, was able to, in a position to

---

no podi-a: wasn’t able to, couldnt

queri-a: wanted desired to

no queri-a: didnt want to

sabi-a: knew, knew how to, had knowledge that

---

teni-a: i had in my possesion

teni-a que: i had to, didnt necesarily do

subjunctive: volicion deseo, influencia, recomendacion, preferencia

oponerse, exigir, rogar, empensarse, aconsejar

to oppose, to demand, to beg, to insist on, to advise

me oponga, te as, se a, nos amos, se an

exija, as, a, amos, an

ruegue, ruegues, ruegue, roguemos, rueguen

me empeNe, te es, se e, nos emos, se en

aconseje, es, e, emos, en

subjunctive emotion

temer, sorprenderse, lamentar, dar lastima, molestar, estar contento

to fear, to be surprised, to regret, to feel sorry for, to bother/annoy, to be happy

tema, as, a, amos, an

me sorprenda, te as, se a, nos amos, se an

lamente, es, e, emos, en

de- la-stima, des, de-, demos, den

moleste, es, e, emos, en

este-, este-s, este-, emos, este-n

subjunctive dudar

dudar, no pensar, no creer, no estar seguro

to doubt, to not think, to not believe, to not be sure

dude, es, e, emos, en

no piense, es, e, emos, en

no crea, as, a, amos, an

no este-, e-s, e-, estemos, e-n

seguridad/present dudar

creer: creo, crees, cree, creemos, creéis, creen

Pensar: pienso, piensas, piensa, pensamos, pensáis, piensan

Estar seguro: estoy, estás, está, estamos, están

vocab to ask

1. to ask a question: preguntar

2. ti ask about: preguntar por

3. to ask for/request something, not a question: pedir

4. to ask to borrow: pedir prestado

5. to invite: invitar

vocab to know

1. saber: to know info/fact/how to do smth

2. saber + infinitive: know how to do smth

3. saber + noun: know fact/info

4. saber de noun: know about smth

5. saber de memoria: know smth by heart

6. saber + pret: found out learned

7. saber + food: taste of/like

8. saber a gloria/a rayos: taste really good or really bad

9. conocer: to know to be acquianted with a person or plac

10. conocer + pret: met go to know

11. reconocer: to recognize

12. 
    

ser

1. to exist identity who what someone is

2. origin ownership material destinaiton

3. to take place to happen

4. time of day season month

5. ser + past participle: will be is sera

6. ser + adj: characteristics

7. social group, trades, jobs

estar

1. location follow by prep/adverb

2. estar + present participle -ndo

3. condition state of subj

4. to look feel seem act

5. state condition from prev action