PHILOSOPHY 12 - WHO AM I?

UNIT 11- CHAPTER 1 (AN EMBODIED SPIRIT COEXISTING WITH THE ENVIRONMENT

according to rizal and kant

-human being is endowed with reason

-he is self autonomous (independent) with self regulating will

according to karl jaspers

-human being is more that what he/she knows about him/herself (perennial scope of philosophy)

-he believes that the human being is lost in a context of total determination.

-he believes that people discover deeper understanding of themselves through reflection, freedom, hope, personal decisions, and confronting life’s difficult situations.

-he called unavoidable human experiences limit situations (grenzsituationen)

-said these limit situations lead humans to deeper level of reflection of her own self being.

according to kant

-human individuals determine themselves through their interactions with their environment

-they act autonomously (independently), they make choices, including moral choices, with the aid of their reason.

-theyre strict with making choices in accordance with moral law.

lost

-a person doesnt fully understand their true identity or purpose.

context

-the circumstances or environment in which a person lives.

total determination

-the idea that a persons life is shaped or controlled by external factors such as family, society, culture, expectations, and life circumstances.

depths of his/her being

-deeper understanding of one’s identity, freedom, beliefs, values, and purpose.

limit situation (grenzsitutation)

-is any of certain situations in which a human being is said to have differing experiences from those arising from ordinary situations.

-they are inescapable and inevitable breaks of ordinary patterns of human existence, such as death, sufferings, conflict, tragedy, sickmess, failures, communication, struggles, and guilt.

-these break the conventional pattern or ordinaryness of life.

duality of body and soul

-our body is separate and distinct from the soul

-soul is immaterial (no physical form)

-body shows corporeality (physical form)

lorenz 2009

-we have soul or spirit

-soul or the spirit is philosophically discussed as mind

Dualism

-this is a philosophical theory based on the idea of opposing concepts, human beings are made up of two independent constituents, the body and the mind or soul

-for dualists, mind (mental) is not to be mistakes as brain (physical)

plato

-dualism of body and soul

-human soul exists prior (before) to the body and even if after the body is gone

-doctrine (teachings) is connected to theory of forms, material is separate from spiritual realm of forms or essences. (world of ideas)

-physical world is made up of appearances which are destructable, illusionary and unreliable.

-knowledge is to be found in the realm of ideas which are non physical or only through the mind.

-soul is immortal and pre-existing in the world of forms or ideas.

rene descartes

-also recognized dualism

-doubt requires a doubter

-doubting is proof that one is existing

-he that exists is clearly a thing that thinks

-he is a body that is located in some place, can occupy space, and haas the power to move, feel and think.

thomas aquinas

-did not believe dualism

-says body and soul are not two separate entities that interact with eachother but are one being made up of matter and form.

-matter (body) and form (soul) cannot remain a being if theyre not united.

-when a being ceases to exists in death, its because matter and form that make up that being is no longer complete.

aristotle

-he believed that man is the whole of his body and soul.

-they are one like the oneness of the ugly and his figure

soul

-aka the outer man (psyche)

-SELF- identity, personality, character

-EMOTIONS- feelings and passions

-INTELLECT- mind and thoughts

-WILL- your own will and desires

-CONSCIENCE- know right from wrong

-EVIL- dwelling place of the sinful nature and evil spirits

-speaks of your inner-life in relation to your own experience: you mind, heart, will, and imagination.

-also includes your thoughts, desired, passions, and dreams.

spirit

-aka the inner man (pneuma)

-SPIRITUAL DISCERNMENT

-PEACE

-REVELATION

-COMMUNICATION WITH GOD

-TRUE MINISTRY

-HOME OF THE HOLY SPIRIT

-speaks of your inner-life in relation to god: your faith, hope, love, character, and perseverance. (inner core of being)

body

-aka the outer most man (soma)

-include 5 physical senses: smell, taste, touch, hear, see.

-includes 8 physical needs and desires: food, water, activity, shelter, clothing, oxygen, sleep, temperature regulation.

john locke

-advanced the theory of tabula rasa (blank slate or page)

-thoughts are conscious (we reflect and introspect)

-our consciousness is the criterion (standard) for personal identity.

-as a thinking being ourselves consists of thoughts and sensation (physical being)

-as a thinking being ourselves consists of thoughts and sensation (physical feeling) of which we are conscious (awareness).

descartes

-(i) self is a thinking thing.

immanuel kant

-the self is a rational agent who can know their own thoughts and attitudes, and be responsible for them.

-intentionality of consciousness (phenomenologists)

-feelings are being awakened by consciousness (existentialists), it confronts the possibility.

-to phenomenologists, man as an embodied subjectivity that gives meaning, with his bodt making it incarnate or alive the meaning he gives (Dy 2001)

-consciousness is thought that is always directed towards an object.

-i might have been someone else or might have been not existed (tallis 2004)

the faculty of reason

-human beings have a mental faculty or capacity that enables to think, reason, understand, compare, analyze, associate ideas.