Incests and People Exam 2

Allomone

Chemical communication between organisms which is positive for the sender and negative for the receiver.

Anaphyllaxis

A severe allergic response in a vertebrate. In the worst case, “anaphylactic shock,” death may result

Annual migration

Migration which occurs every year at a predictable time

Anoplura

The order of insects containing the sucking lice

Apterygota

Primitively wingless insect orders

Asynchronous muscle

An insect muscle which contracts multiple times due to a single nerve impulse

Biological disease transmission

The case in which the agent causing disease must pass some part of its lifecycle within the vectoring organism

Bioluminescence

Light produced by a living organism

Carnivorous plants

Plants that harvest insects and other arthropods to meet their demands for nitrogen and other nutrients

Castes

Different body plans for different jobs, within the same species of eusocial insect.

Cochineal

Brilliant red dye produced by scale insects found on prickly pear cacti

Communication

Exchange of information between two living organisms

Communal insects

Species which aggregate during some phase of the lifecycle but do not maintain social contact throughout the lifecycle

Delusional parasitosis

A condition in which the sufferer believes non-existent insects inhabit one’s person

Disease agent

An organism causing negative effects in another organism.

Direct flight muscles

Major flight muscles directly attached to the bases of the wings.

Ectognatha

Hexapods with exposed mouthparts

Endopterygota

Insect orders which undergo complete metamorphosis.

Entognatha

Primitive insects with mouthparts hidden in the head

Entomophagy

The practice of eating insects

Entomophobia

An irrational fear of insects

Eusocial insects

Species with cooperative brood care, reproductive division of labor, and perennial colonies with overlapping generations

Exopterygota

Insect orders which undergo incomplete metamorphosis.

Forensic Entomology

Using insects to understand crime scenes.

Ganglion

Cluster of nerve cell bodies

Heteroptera

An insect order containing the aphids, true bugs, and their allies.

Includes the fomer Homoptera (aphids, etc.) which are all plant feeders, and the former Hemiptera (true bugs), which includes plant feeders, predators, and parasites.

Hexapod

An arthropod with six legs

Indirect flight muscles

Major flight muscles attached to the walls of the thorax rather than the bases of the wings

Isoptera

The insect order containing termites

Kairomone

Chemical communication between organisms which is negative for the sender and positive for the receiver

Locust

A large, often migratory, grasshopper

Luciferin

The chemical which produces, when combined with light, ATP, and the enzyme luciferinase, light in insects.

Mating disruption

Using pheromones to confuse pest insects so that they can’t find each other to mate.

Mechanical disease transmission

The case where a disease agent is transmitted on the surface or in the mouthparts of the vectoring organism

Migration

Directional movement of large numbers of organisms

Myiasis

Parasitic infestation of living vertebrate tissue by larval flies.

Nomadic migration

Migration in any direction in response to the availability of resources.

Parasite

An organism which lives in, on, or near another organism at that organism’s expense.

Pathogen

An organism causing disease in another.

Pheromone

Chemical that facilitates communication between members of the same species.

Poikilothermic

An animal whose body temperture varies with that of the surrounding environment.

Pollination

Transfer of pollen (male germ cells) from one flower to the style and ovary of another flower, accomplishing fertilization.

Orthoptera

The hemimetabolous order of insects including grasshoppers and crickets.

Forewings (if present) are leathery tegmina; hind legs modified for jumping. Chewing moutparts.

Reservoir (disease)

An organism which sustains a disease agent on the landscape for long periods of time. Reservoirs are usually unaffected, or minimally affected, by the agent.

Resilin

Rubbery protein that stores energy in insect cuticle and muscle

Semisocial insects

Speices with cooperative brood care and reproductive division of labor.

Shellac

Durable, high gloss furniture finish produced by an Asian scale insect.

Skeletal muscles

Those that move body parts of an insect

Silk

Commercial product of the domesticated silkworm, Bombus mori.

Produced by the salivary glands of the caterpillar as it spins its cocoon.

Solitary insects

Species which don’t interact with others of their species except to mate or in response to resources.

Synchronous muscle

Muscle that contracts one time for a single nerve impulse

Stridulation

Sound produced by dragging a row of peg-like structures across a file-like structure.

Subsocial insects

Species in which a single female or a mated pair care for descreet broods of immatures.

Surgical maggots

Fly larvae, raised in sterile conditions, used to remove necrotic (dead) tissue from wounds.

Thysanura

The primitively wingless insect order containing silverfish and their relatives.

Three tail appendages, scaled bodies, can molt as adults (unlike virtually all other insects).

Trophyllaxis

Sharing of gut contents between members of the same species, either through regurgitation or defecation.

Tymbal (or tympanum)

In insects, a thickened plate of chitin connected to powerful asynchronous muscles; deflection of the tymbal by the muscle produces sound.

Typified by cicadas.

Urticating seta (“hairs”)

Stinging setae found on some insects, including some caterpillars

Vector

An organism transmitting a disease agent from an infected to an uninfected host.

Visceral muscles

Those that move the internal organs of an insect.