APK2100c: Chapter 15 Autonomic Nervous System (unfinished)

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, or adipose tissue

effector organs

motor neurons

the ANS only consists of…

skin, kidneys, blood vessels

only receive sympathetic innervation

activate skeletal muscles

somatic neurons can only…

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, or adipose tissue

autonomic neurons can either activate or inhibit…

preganglionic neuron and postganglionic neuron

2 neurons that the ANS uses

lateral horn of thoracolumbar spinal cord (T1-L2)

sympathetic preganglionic neurons originate in…

the brainstem or sacral spinal cord

parasympathetic preganglionic neurons originate in…

acetylcholine

preganglionic neuron release ___ onto the postganglionic neuron

adrenal medulla

secretes epinephrine (adrenaline) into bloodstream as a hormone

neuromuscular junction

a somatic motor neurons contacts skeletal muscle at a…

neuroeffector junction

an autonomic postganglionic neurons contacts a muscle or gland at a…

terminal ganglia

parasympathetic ganglia located near or within the target organ…

parasympathetic

constrict pupils

parasympathetic

stimulate flow of saliva

parasympathetic

constrict bronchi

parasympathetic

slow heartbeat

parasympathetic

stimulates peristalsis and secretion

parasympathetic

stimulates bile release

parasympathetic

contract bladder

oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus nerves

four cranial nerves that carry parasympathetic output

sympathetic

dilates pupils

sympathetic

inhibits salivation

sympathetic

relaxes bronchi

sympathetic

accelerates heartbeat

sympathetic

inhibits peristalsis and secretion

sympathetic

stimulates glucose production and release

sympathetic

secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline

sympathetic

inhibits bladder contraction

paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia

2 kinds of sympathetic ganglia

chromaffin cells

produce epinephrine (which is derived from norepinephrine, which is derived from dopamine) conversion occurs inside chromaffin cell vesicles