ALHS 1011 Midterm Exam Worksheet: Muscular and Nervous Systems

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards reviewing Chapter 10 (Muscular System) and Chapter 11 (Nervous System) from the ALHS 1011 Midterm Exam Worksheet, including muscle types, action potential steps, joint movements, muscle roles, metabolism, and diagram labeling.

Smooth Muscle

Involuntary, non-striated muscle found in the walls of organs and blood vessels.

Skeletal Muscle

Voluntary, striated muscle attached to bones throughout the body that produces body movement.

Cardiac Muscle

Involuntary, striated muscle found only in the heart.

Five Steps of an Action Potential

1. Resting state, 2. Depolarization, 3. Repolarization, 4. Hyperpolarization, 5. Return to resting state.

Origin

Attachment point of a muscle that stays stationary during contraction.

Insertion

Attachment point of a muscle that moves when the muscle contracts.

Flexion

Decreases the angle between two bones.

Extension

Increases the angle between two bones.

Abduction

Movement away from the body's midline.

Adduction

Movement towards the body's midline.

Inversion

Turning the sole of foot inward.

Eversion

Turning the sole of foot outward.

Dorsiflexion

Lifting the toes/foot upward toward the shin.

Plantar Flexion

Pointing the toes downward.

Supination

Turning the palm upward/anteriorly.

Pronation

Turning the palm downward/posteriorly.

Prime Mover

Muscle responsible for producing movement.

Antagonist

Muscle that opposes or reverses the action of the prime mover.

Synergist

Muscle that assists the prime mover.

Fixator

Muscle that stabilizes a bone or prevents unwanted movement.

Aerobic Metabolism

Produces ATP using oxygen; produces more energy and is sustained.

Anaerobic Metabolism

Produces ATP without oxygen; produces energy quickly for a short period of time and leads to lactic acid buildup.

Anterior Muscular Diagram

Anterior musculature labels: A = Pectoralis Major, B = Brachialis, C = Biceps Brachii, D = External Oblique, E = Rectus Abdominus, F = Internal Oblique, G = Iliopsoas, I = Sartorius, J = Tibialis Anterior, K = Achilles tendon, L = Soleus, M = Gastrocnemius, N = Quadricep Group, O/H = Adductor Muscle Group, P = Transverse Abdominis, Q = Abdominal Aponeurosis, R = Deltoid, S = Sternocleidomastoid, and Brachioradialis.

Posterior Muscular Diagram

Posterior musculature labels: A = Trapezius, B = Latissimus Dorsi, C = Gluteus Medius, D = Iliotibial Tract, E = Hamstring Group, F = Gluteus Maximus, G = Triceps Brachii, H = Deltoid.

Brain Regions Diagram

Brain anatomical structures and regions: A = Cerebrum, B = Diencephalon, C = Brain Stem, D = Cerebellum, E = Sulcus, F = Gyrus.

Cerebrum

One of the major brain regions, identified by label A on the lateral brain diagram.

Diencephalon

One of the major brain regions, identified by label B on the brain diagram.

Brain Stem

One of the major brain regions, identified by label C on the brain diagram.

Cerebellum

One of the major brain regions, identified by label D on the brain diagram.

Sulcus

Surface brain structure identified by label E on the brain diagram.

Gyrus

Surface brain structure identified by label F on the brain diagram.