prejudice and discrimination exam 2

Cooley's Looking Glass Self Theory

self-concept and identity are not built in isolation, but are shaped by how they believe others perceive them—much like looking into a mirror that reflects social reactions.

Mead’s Theory of Self

the self is not innate at birth, but rather develops over time through social interaction, language, and symbol use

Essentialism

the philosophical, educational, or personal-development view that things—whether objects, ideas, or human groups—possess a set of inherent, unchanging properties that make them what they are

Constructionism

making, designing, and building tangible, shareable artifacts in the real world (such as computer programs, robots, or models). [1, 2]

Doing Gender

Gender is not an innate, internal biological trait or a fixed role. Instead, it is an active, routine, and methodical accomplishment performed through everyday human interactions

performing class

consciously or unconsciously adopting the behaviors, speech patterns, dress, consumption habits, and cultural markers of a specific social class (most often middle- or upper-class norms) to signal belonging, gain social acceptance, or avoid classism.

cultural intelligibility

the extent to which a person, action, identity, or expression makes sense within the dominant social norms, scripts, and frameworks of a given culture

transnormativity

a regulatory, normative ideology that structures transgender and nonbinary (TNB) experiences, presentations, and narratives according to a strict medical and binary model

queernormativity

the social and cultural normalization of queer people, identities, and relationships

Ways homeless children are stigmatized

made fun of for wearing the same clothes, not having a home, lack of school supplies

Strategies of inclusion (stigma management)

kids trying to act like normal, everyday kids so other people won't judge them. They make friends, take new homeless kids under their wings, and build relationships with adults who care about them. This helps them feel safe and builds up their self esteem. Using the strategy of inclusion affects their identity by blending in and feeling accepted, they are able to build a positive self image and see themselves as normal, worthy children rather than just homeless.

Strategies of Exclusion (stigma management)

involves kids trying to protect their pride by acting tough, aggressive, and mature, and putting others down. They do this to feel better or stronger than the people around them. This often backfires and results in people judging them even more because of their bad behavior. Using the strategy of exclusion temporarily protects their self respect, but it ends up trapping them in a damaged identity because society continues to reject and label them as troubled

Strategies of Stigma Management

covering, posturing, passing

Ways Biracial People are Stigmatized

microagressions (unintentional comments or behaviors communicate hostile or negative racial slights), identity invalidation that affect both their daily interactions and psychological well being

passing

when a biracial person makes their appearance seem more black or white to fit into a racial category (feelings of being more excepted by society and the racial group they chose)

What does it mean to be stigmatized?

When someone is stigmatized they experience negative judgements, disapproval, or social rejection from other based on a specific personal traits, condition, or status