what is Refraction

the bending of light when it crosses from one medium to another

what is medium

the substance or material that light is travelling through

what is the refracted ray

the ray that is bent upon entering a second medium

Angle of refraction

The angle between the normal and the refracted ray

what is the index of refraction

the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a given medium

what is n

index of refreaction

what is c

spped if light in a vacuum

whats the equation

( c - 3.0 × 10^8 m/s)

what is the equation for v

speed of light in a give medium

what dose GREAT stand for

Given, Required, Equation, Answer, Therefore

what is partial reflection

phenomena in which some of the light that is travelling from one medium into another is reflected and some is refracted and some is refracted at at the boundary between the media

what happens when the angle of incidence is almost zero

when the angle of incidence is almost zero, most of the light penetrates the surface and very little is reflected.

what happens when the angle of incidence increase

more light is reflected at the surface and less penetrates the surface and is refracted.

true or false, sometimes light can get trapped in a medium

true

total internal reflection is unable to…

pass from one medium to another

what is total internal reflection used in

fibre optics

optical phenomena in natural : rainbows

sunlight enters rain droplets, gets split into colours, and bounces back into your eyes like a tiny prism

optical phenomena in natural : Apparent death

Light bends when it leaves water into air, making objects underwater look shallower than they really are

optical phenomena in natural : Mirages

Extremely hot air near the ground bends light from the sky upward into your eyes, making the ground look like a pool of water

optical phenomena in natural : shimmering

hot air rising and mixing with cool air constantly bends light back and forth, making objects behind it look blurry or wavy

what do mirrors do

reflect light rays

what do lenses do

refract light rays, magnify images, project image, two foci

converge will meet..

at a single point after refracting through the lens

will diverge after…

refracting through the lens

what is the optical center

the point at the exact center of the lens

what is the principal focus

the point on the principal axis of lens where light rays parallel to the principal axis converge after refraction

what is the secondary principal

the point on the principal axis of a lens where light rays parallel to the PA would converge if light was coming from the other direction. F’ is located on the same side of the lens as the Incident rays