Notes 03- Experiments & Studies

Association

Two variables tend to vary together.

Causation

A stronger claim: a change in one variable produces a change in another.

Associated variable

Variables that show a relationship or pattern.

Casually associated

Changing one variable causes a change in the other.

Confounding variable

Another variable that is related to both variables being studied and may help explain.

Experiment

Researchers impose, a treatment or condition and measure the response.

Observational study

Researchers subside for record what naturally happens without assigning treatments.

Randomized experiment

Participants are assigned to treatment groups by chance.

Treatment group

Receives the treatment being studied.

Control group

Provides a comparison, they may receive standard care or no treatment.

Placebo

An inactive treatment that looks like the real treatment.

Placebo effect

A response that happens because someone believes they received a treatment.

Single-blind

Participants do not know which group they are in.

Double-blind

Neither participants nor the people measuring outcomes know group assignments.