JBL Chapter Six Guide

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The ___________ plane separates the body into left and right halves

sagittal

The cervical spine is composed of ___________ vertebrae.

seven

The areas of the spinal column, in descending order, are

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx

The ____________ is a muscular dome that separates the thorax from the abdomen

The diaphragm

The bones of the forearm are called the:

radius and ulna

The elbow is an example of a ____________ joint.

Hinge Joint

A person's bones will become brittle if he or she is deficient in

calcium

Which of the following statements regarding smooth muscle is correct?

A person has no voluntary control over smooth muscle

The vocal cords are located in the:

larynx

The leaf-shaped flap of cartilage that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing is called the:

epiglottis

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during:

inhalation

Negative-pressure breathing involves

a drop in pressure within the chest cavity.

How does respiration differ from ventilation?

Respiration is the process of gas exchange, whereas ventilation is the movement of air between the lungs and the environment.

Relative to an adult's airway anatomy, the child's:

pharynx is smaller and less deeply curved.

The body's backup system of respiratory control, which is based on low concentrations of oxygen in the blood, is called the:

hypoxic drive

Dead space is the portion of the respiratory system that:

contains no alveoli and does not participate in gas exchange.

Which of the following statements regarding agonal respirations is correct?

Agonal respirations result in excessive tidal volume.

The primary function of the right atrium is to:

receive blood from the vena cava

The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the:

pulmonary veins.

Cardiac output (CO) is affected by:

stroke volume and heart rate.

The major artery that supplies all other arteries with blood is the

aorta

Bleeding is normally stopped by:

activation of platelets.

Deoxygenated blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities is returned to the right atrium via the:

inferior vena cava.

Hemoglobin is a molecule that attaches to ___________ and carries oxygen.

erythrocytes

White blood cells, which are also called leukocytes, function by

protecting the body from infection.

ventricular contraction

Initial formation of a blood clot patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" in this measurement represents:

A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" in this measurement represents:

ventricular filling.

An increase in heart rate and contractility occurs due to stimulation of

beta-1 receptorsStimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system would result in

Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system would result in

a slower heart rate.

The central nervous system is composed of the

brain and spinal cord

The autonomic nervous system controls all of the following functions, except:

breath holding All critical life functions are coordinated in which part of the brain

All critical life functions are coordinated in which part of the brain?

The brain stem

Which set of nerves is responsible for carrying information from the body to the central nervous system

Sensory

Which of the following is not a function of the skin?

Metabolic coordination

The __________ fills the entire anteroposterior depth of the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. liver spleen pancreas stomach

The liver

Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the:c

gallbladder.

Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate body activities?

Endocrine

Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are generated when:

the cells function with adequate oxygen

Pathophysiology is the study of the functional changes that occur when the body reacts to a particular:

disease

The air you breathe is _______ oxygen, and the air you exhale is _______ oxygen.

21%; 16%