body movements

Flexion

Decrease angle between bones

Tilting neck anteriorly

Opposite of flexion

Extension

Extension

Increase angle between bones Tilting

Bending head posteriorly

Hyper extension

Extension beyond normal range of movement

Tilting head back further than usual

Lateral flexion

Vertebral column bends sideways

Bending trunk to one side

Abduction

Movement away from midline

Arm moved laterally

Pair of abduction

Adduction

Adduction

Move towards midline

Closing fingers

Medial rotation

bone turns on long axis toward midline

Rotating hip inwards

Opposite of medial rotation

Lateral rotation

Lateral rotation

Bone turns on long axis away from midline Rotating hip inward

Supination

lateral rotation of forearm so palm faces anteriorly

Turning palm to face up

Pronation

Medial rotation of forearm so plan faced posteriorly

Turning palm face down

Opposite of supination

Probation

Circumduction

*complex

Rotation of limb/finger around its median scud creating a circular motion

Involved flexion, abduction, extension & adduction performed in succession

drawing circle with outstretched arm

Foot movement

Plantar flexion

Foot moves downward at ankle

Standing on tiptoes

Opposite of plantar flexion

Dorsiflexion

Dorsiflexion

Foot moves upward at ankle

Toes towards shin

Inversion

Sole of foot turns inwards

Opposite of inversion

Eversion

Eversion

Sole of foot turns outward

Girdle movement (shoulder/ hip)

Elevation

Body part lifts superiorly

Shrugging shoulders

Opposite of elevation

Depression

Depression

Elevated body part moves inferiorly

Lowering shoulders

Protraction

Body part moves anteriorly in transverse plane

Hitting jaw forward

Opposite of protraction

Retraction

Retraction

Body part moves posteriorly in transverse plane

Jaw pulled back