Chapter 9 - Stoichiometry (Dilution)

Dilution

The process of reducing the concentration of a solute in a solution, typically by adding more solvent.

Molarity (M)

A measure of concentration representing the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

Dimensional Analysis

A mathematical technique used to convert units from one system to another by multiplying by conversion factors.

Stock Solution

A concentrated solution used to prepare diluted solutions by adding solvent.

Final Diluted Volume (V₂)

The total volume of a solution after dilution, which includes the volume of the stock solution and the volume of the solvent added.

Final Dilute Concentration (M₂)

The concentration of the solution after it has been diluted.

M₁V₁ = M₂V₂

The dilution equation relating the molarity and volume of the concentrated solution (M₁V₁) to the molarity and volume of the diluted solution (M₂V₂).

Conversion of mL to L

To convert milliliters to liters, divide the volume in mL by 1000.

Hydrate Coefficient

A scalar coefficient in a hydrate formula that indicates the number of water molecules associated with each formula unit of the solute.

NaCl

Sodium chloride, a common salt used in chemical reactions and solutions.

HCl

Hydrochloric acid, a strong acid often used in laboratory dilutions.

NaOH

Sodium hydroxide, a strong base used in various chemical applications.