Structure & Function Exam Review

Vocabulary practice cards covering biological adaptations in marine mammals and mechanisms of cellular transport.

Cooperative Feeding

Multiple animals work together to gather, herd, or share food.

Cetacean

An aquatic marine mammal.

Counter-current Exchange

A heat saving system that stops them from losing body heat to ocean water, arteries carrying warm blood from the whale's core run right next to veins carrying cold blood back from exposed areas.

Prestin

Membrane bound motor protein that shapes quickly to elongate hair cells in order to amplify sound waves, out of the cochlea, useful for echolocation.

Mysticeti

Marine and freshwater mammals that use baleen plates to catch prey instead of teeth.

Odontoceti

Marine and freshwater mammals that use their teeth to catch prey instead of baleen plates.

Active Transport

Molecules moving through the cell membrane with energy from a region of lower concentration to a higher concentration, against gradient, until equilibrium is reached.

Passive Transport

Molecules moving through the cell membrane naturally from a region of higher concentration to a lower concentration, with the gradient, until equilibrium is reached.

Facilitated Diffusion

Movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a lower concentration with the help of transport proteins to cross the membrane; polar, hydrophilic molecules.

Diffusion

Movement of particles from random thermal motion, from a region of higher concentration to a lower concentration; small, hydrophobic, nonpolar molecules.

Cell Membrane

The external boundary to the cell and regulates the passage of molecules in and out, selectively permeable.

Protein

Large, complex macromolecules essential for all living organisms, required for function, structure, and regulation of body's tissues and organs.