PSYCHOANALYSIS & INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY & ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY [THEORIES OF PERSONALITY]

CVSU GENTRI

“MARCH 6 OR MAY 6, 1856”, FREIBERG MORAVIA

BORN ON **[BLANK]** IN **[BLANK]** WHICH IS NOW PART OF CZECH REPUBLIC

UNCONSCIOUS

CONTAINS ALL DRIVES, URGES, OR INSTINCTS THAT ARE BEYOND OUR AWARENESS

REPRESSION

FORCING OF UNWANTED EXPERIENCES INTO THE UNCONSCIOUS

CERTAIN KINDS OF FORGETTING

PRECONSCIOUS

LEVEL OF THE MIND THE CONTAINS ALL THOSE ELEMENTS THAT ARE NOT CONSCIOUS BUT CAN BECOME CONSCIOUS READILY OR WITH DIFFICULTY

CONSCIOUS PERCEPTION

PERCEIVES CONSCIOUSSNESS FOR ONLY IN A TRANSISTORY PERIOD

UNCONSCIOUS

UNCONSCIOUS IDEAS SLIPS INTO THE PRECONSCIOUS IN A DISGUISED FORM

CONSCIOUS

MENTAL ELEMENTS IN AWARENESS AT ANY GIVEN POINT IN TIME WHICH IS DIRECTLY AVAILABLE TO US

PERCEPTUAL CONSCIOUS SYSTEM

IDEAS CAN REACH CONSCIOUSNESS THROUGH:

PERCEPTUAL CONSCIOUS SYSTEM

ACTS AS A MEDIUM FOR THE PERCEPTION OF EXTERNAL STIMULI

• WITHIN THE MENTAL STRUCTURE

ID, EGO, SUPEREGO

THREE PROVINCES OF MIND

ID

HAS NO CONTACT WITH REALITY AND COMPLETELY UNCONSCIOUS

o REDUCES TENSION BY SATISFYING BASIC DESIRES

o ITS SOLE FUNCTION IS TO SEEK PLEASURE THEREFORE IT SERVES THE PLEASURE PRINCIPLE

EGO

THE ONLY REGION OF THE MIND IN CONTACT WITH REALITY

BECOMES A PERSON’S SOLE SOURCE OF COMMUNICATION WITH THE EXTERNAL WORLD

o IT IS GOVERNED BY THE REALITY PRINCIPLE

o THE EGO CAN MAKE DECISIONS ON EACH OF LEVELS OF MENTAL LIFE

PSYCHOLOGICALLY MATURE

IF THE EGO COMPLETELY CONTROLS THE ID, IT MEANS THE PERSON IS \[blank\]

SUPEREGO

REPRESENTS THE MORAL AND IDEAL ASPECTS OF PERSONALITY

o GUIDED BY MORALISTIC AND IDEALISTIC PRINCIPLES

o IT HAS NO CONTACT WITH THE EXTERNAL WORLD THEREFORE DEMANDS PERFECTION

CONSCIENCE

EXPERIENCES WITH PUNISHMENTS FOR IMPROPER BEHAVIOR

• TELLS US WHAT WE SHOULD NOT DO

EGO-IDEAL

EXPERIENCES WITH REWARDS FOR PROPER BEHAVIOR

• TELLS US WHAT WE SHOULD DO

GUILT

IS THE RESULT WHEN EGO ACTS CONTRARY TO THE MORAL STANDARDS OF THE SUPEREGO

INFERIORITY

ARISE WHEN THE EGO IS UNABLE TO MEET THE SUPEREGO’S STANDARD OF PERFECTION

GUILT

IS A FUNCTION OF CONSCIENCE, INFERIORITY STEMS FROM THE EGO-IDEAL

DRIVES

OPERATE AS A CONSTANT MOTIVATIONAL FORCE o HAS TWO MAJOR HEADINGS:

▪ SEX OR EROS

▪ AGGRESSION OR THANATOS

SEX

THE ULTIMATE AIM OF SEXUAL DRIVE IS TO REDUCE SEXUAL TENSION

AGGRESSION

THE FINAL AIM OF THE AGGRESSIVE DRIVE IS SELF-DESTRUCTION

ANXIETY

IT IS A FELT, AFFECTIVE, UNPLEASANT STATE ACCOMPANIED BY A PHYSICAL SENSATION THAT WARNS THE PERSON AGAINST IMPENDING DANGER

o PRODUCED BY THE EGO

NARCISSISM, LOVE, SADISM, MASOCHISM

SEX CAN TAKE MANY FORMS SUCH AS

TEASING, GOSSIP, SARCASM, HUMILIATION, HUMOR, ENJOYMENT OF OTHER PEOPLE’S SUFFERING

AGGRESSION TAKES THE FORM OF:

NEUROTIC, MORAL, REALISTIC

THREE KINDS OF ANXIETY

NEUROTIC ANXIETY

EGO’S DEPENDENCE ON THE ID

▪ APPREHENSION ABOUT AN UNKNOWN DANGER

MORAL ANXIETY

EGO’S DEPENDENCE ON THE SUPEREGO

▪ STEMS FROM CONFLICT BETWEEN REALISTIC NEEDS AND THE DICTATES OF THEIR SUPEREGO

REALISTIC ANXIETY

EGO’S DEPENDENCE ON THE OUTER WORLD

▪ CLOSELY RELATED TO FEAR

▪ AN UNPLEASANT, NONSPECIFIC FEELING INVOLVING A POSSIBLE DANGER

REPRESSION

MOST BASIC DEFENSE MECHANISM

o FORCES THREATENING FEELINGS INTO THE UNCONSCIOUS

REACTION FORMATION

A REPRESSED IMPULSE MAY BECOME CONSCIOUS THROUGH ADOPTING A DISGUISE THAT IS OPPOSITE OF ITS ORIGINAL FORM

DISPLACEMENT

PEOPLE CAN REDIRECT THEIR UNACCEPTABLE URGES ONTO A VARIETY OF PEOPLE OR OBJECTS SO THAT THE ORIGINAL IMPULSE IS DISGUISED OR CONCEALED

FIXATION

THE PERMANENT ATTACHMENT OF THE LIBIDO ONTO AN EARLIER STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT

REGRESSION

REVERTING BACK TO AN EARLIER STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT

o SIMILAR TO FIXATION WITH THE EXCEPTION THAT IT IS TEMPORARY

PROJECTION

o SEEING IN OTHERS UNACCEPTABLE FEELINGS OR TENDENCIES THAT ACTUALLY RESIDE IN ONE’S OWN UNCONSCIOUS

o AN EXTREME TYPE OF PROJECTION IS PARANOIA (A MENTAL DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY POWERFUL DELUSIONS OF JEALOUSY AND PERSECUTION)

INTROJECTION

o PEOPLE INCORPORATE POSITIVE QUALITIES OF ANOTHER PERSON IN THEIR OWN EG

SUBLIMATION

o IS THE REPRESSION OF THE GENITAL AIM OF EROS BY SUBSTITUTING A CULTURAL OR SOCIAL AIM

o THE SUBLIMATED AIM IS EXPRESSED CREATIVELY (ART, MUSIC, LITERATURE)

ORAL, ANAL, PHALLIC, LATENCY, GENITAL

INFANTILE PERIOD PHASES

ORAL PHASE

MOUTH IS THE FIRST ORGAN TO PROVIDE AN INFANT WITH PLEASURE

▪ THUMB SUCKING BECOMES A DEFENSE AGAINST ANXIETY THAT SATISFIES THEIR SEXUAL BUT NOT THEIR NUTRITIONAL NEEDS

ANAL PHASE

CHARACTERIZED BY THE SATISFACTION GAINED THROUGH AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR AND THROUGH THE EXCRETORY FUNCTION

EARLY ANAL PERIDO, LATE ANAL PERIOD

ANAL PHASE DIVIDED INTO TWO SUBPHASES

EARLY ANAL

CHILDREN RECEIVE SATISFACTION BY DESTROYING OR LOSING OBJECTS, AND OFTEN BEHAVE AGGRESSIVELY FOR FRUSTATING THEM WITH TOILET TRAINING

LATE ANAL

CHILDREN WILL PRESENT THEIR FECES AS VALUED PRIZE

• IF ACCEPTED, CHILDREN IS MORE LIKELY TO GROW INTO GENEROUS AND MAGNANIMOUS ADULTS

• IF REJECTED, CHILDREN WITHHOLDS FECES UNTIL PRESSURE BECOMES BOTH PAINFUL AND STIMULATING

ANAL CHARACTER

PEOPLE WHO CONTINUE TO RECEIVE EROTIC SATISFACTION BY BEING EXCESSIVELY NEAT

• THE ANAL EROTICISM TRANSFORMS INTO THE ANAL TRIAD: ORDERLINESS, STINGINESS, AND OBSTINACY

PHALLIC PHASE

A TIME WHEN THE GENITAL AREA BECOMES THE LEADING EROGENOUS ZONE

MALE OEDIPUS COMPLEX

CONDITION OF RIVALRY TOWARD THE FATHER AND INCESTUOUS FEELINGS TOWARD THE MOTHER

CASTRATION COMPLEX

FEAR OF LOSING THE PENIS

PENIS ENVY

GIRLS BECOMES ENVIOUS OF AND DESIRE TO HAVE A PENIS

IS OFTEN EXPRESSED AS A WISH TO BE A BOY OR TO HAVE A MAN (WHICH IS CARRIED OVER INTO A WISH TO HAVE A BABY)LATENCY PERIOD

FREE ASSOCIATION

PATIENTS ARE REQUIRED TO VERBALIZE EVERY THOUGHT THAT COMES TO THEIR MIND, NO MATTER HOW IRRELEVANT OR REPUGNANT IT MAY APPEAR

TRANSFERENCE

REFERS TO THE STRONG SEXUAL OR AGGRESSIVE FEELINGS (POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE) THAT THE PATIENTS DEVELOP TOWARD THEIR ANALYST DURING THE COURSE OF TREATMENT

o TRANSFER OF INTENSE EMOTIONS

DREAM ANALYSIS

NEARLY ALL DREAMS ARE WISH FULFILLMENTS

o HE USED IT TO TRANSFORM THE MANIFEST CONTENT OF DREAMS (CONSCIOUS DESCRIPTION GIVEN BY THE DREAMER) TO THE MORE IMPORTANT LATENT CONTENT (UNCONSCIOUS MATERIAL)

FREUDIAN SLIPS

FAULTY ACTS THAT REVEAL THE UNCONSCIOUS INTENTION OF THE PERSON

FEBRUARY 7, 1870 RUDOLFSHEIM, VIENNA

ALFRED ADLER BORN ON \[blank\] IN \[blank\]

ADLERIAN THEORY

PEOPLE ARE BORN WITH INFERIORITY WHICH RESULTS TO DEPENDENCE ON OTHER PEOPLE

• THEREFORE, UNITY WITH OTHERS (SOCIAL INTEREST) IS INHERENT TO PEOPLE

PERSONAL SUCCESS

PSYCHOLOGICALLY UNHEALTHY PEOPLE STRIVES FOR

SUCCESS OF ALL HUMANITY

PSYCHOLOGICALLY HEALTHY PEOPLE STRIVES FOR

FINAL GOAL

EACH INDIVIDUAL IS GUIDED BY A

INFERIORITY, SUPERIORITY OR SUCCESS

BECAUSE LIFE BEGINS WITH DEFIENCIES THAT ACTIVATE \[BLANK\], IT BECOMES A MOTIVATION FOR EITHER \[BLANK\]

COMPENSATION

STRIVING FORCE AS

STRIVING FOR PERSONAL SUPERIORITY

THEIR STRIVING ARE MOTIVATED BY EXAGGERATED FEELINGS OF PERSONAL INFERIORITY OR INFERIORITY COMPLEX

PEOPLE STRIVE FOR \[BLANK\] WITH LITTLE OR NO CONCERN FOR OTHERS

STRIVING FOR SUCCESS

INDIVIDUALS ARE CONCERNED WITH GOALS BEYOND THEMSELVES AND ARE CAPABLE OF HELPING OTHERS UNCONDITIONALLY AND SEE OTHERS NOT AS OPPONENTS

THEIR SUCCESS IS NOT GAINED AT THE EXPENSE OF OTHERS

Gemeinschaftsgefühl

german for “social interest”

SUBJECTIVE PERCEPTIONS

THE MANNER WHICH PEOPLE STRIVE IS BASED ON THEIR SUBJECTIVE PERCEPTIONS OF REALITY OR BY THEIR FICTIONS

FICTIONALISM

ARE IDEAS THAT HAVE NO REAL EXISTENCE YET THEY INFLUENCE PEOPLE AS IF THEY REALLY EXISTED

o PEOPLE ARE MOTIVATED NOT BY WHAT IS TRUE BUT BY THEIR SUBJECTIVE PERCEPTIONS OF WHAT IS TRUE

o HELD TELEOLOGICAL VIEW OF MOTIVATION

TELEOLOGICAL VIEW

EXPLANATION OF BEHAVIOR IN TERMS OF ITS FINAL PURPOSE OR AIM

▪ ADLER BELIEVES THAT PEOPLE ARE MOTIVATED BY PRESENT PERCEPTIONS OF THE FUTURE

PHYSICAL INFERIORITIES

PHYSICAL DEFICIENCIES ALONE DO NOT CAUSE A PARTICULAR STYLE OF LIFE, THEY SIMPLY PROVIDE PRESENT MOTIVATION FOR REACHING FUTURE GOALS

INCONSISTENT BEHAVIOR DOES NOT EXIST

THE FUNDAMENTAL UNITY OF PERSONALITY AND THE NOTION THAT ______________________

ORGAN DIALECT

THE DEFICIENT ORGAN EXPRESSES THE DIRECTION OF THE INDIVIDUAL’S GOAL

o THE BODY’S ORGANS SPEAK A LANGUAGE WHICH IS USUALLY MORE EXPRESSIVE AND DISCLOSES THE INDIVIDUAL’S OPINION MORE CLEARLY THAN WORDS ARE ABLE TO DO

SOCIAL INTEREST

A FEELING OF ONENESS WITH ALL HUMANITY

• AN ATTITUDE OF RELATEDNESS WITH HUMANITY IN GENERAL AS WELL AS AN EMPATHY FOR EACH MEMBER OF THE HUMAN COMMUNITY

• MANIFESTS AS COOPERATION RATHER THAN PERSONAL GAIN

• A NECESSITY FOR PERPETUATING THE HUMAN SPECIES

STYLE OF LIFE

REFERS TO THE FLAVOR OF A PERSON’S LIFE

• IT INCLUDES A PERSON’S GOAL, SELF-CONCEPT, FEELINGS FOR OTHERS, AND ATTITUDE TOWARD THE WORLD

NEIGHBORLY LOVE, SEXUAL LOVE, OCCUPATION

HEALTHY PEOPLE EXPRESSES THEIR SOCIAL INTEREST THROUGH ACTION AND THEY ACTIVELY STRUGGLE TO THROUGH THE THREE MAJOR PROBLEMS OF LIFE:

PSYCHOLOGICALLY UNHEALTHY PEOPLE OFTEN LEAD RATHER \[BLANK\]

INFLEXIBLE LIVES

CREATIVE POWER

ALL PEOPLE ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR WHO THEY ARE AND HOW THEY BEHAVE

• CREATIVE POWER MAKES EACH PERSON A FREE INDIVIDUAL

• IS A DYNAMIC CONCEPT IMPLYING MOVEMENT, AND ALL PSYCHIC LIFE INVOLVES MOVEMENT TOWARD A GOAL, MOVEMENT WITH A DIRECTION

ABNORMAL DEVELOPMENT

MALADJUSTED PEOPLE SET EXTRAVAGANT GOALS AS AN OVERCOMPENSATION FOR EXAGGERATED FEELINGS OF INFERIORITY

SET THEIR GOALS TOO HIGH, LIVE IN THEIR OWN PRIVATE WORLD, HAVE A RIGID AND DOGMATIC STYLE OF LIFE

THE ONE FACTOR UNDERLYING ALL TYPES OF MALADJUSTMENTS IS UNDERDEVELOPED SOCIAL INTEREST, NEUROTICS TEND TO:

WITHDRAWAL

TENDENCY WHEN PEOPLE RUN AWAY FROM DIFFICULTIES OR SAFEGUARDING THROUGH DISTANCE

MOVING BACKWARD

TENDENCY TO SAFEGUARD ONE’S FICTIONAL GOAL OF SUPERIORITY BY PSYCHOLOGICALLY REVERTING TO A MORE SCURE PERIOD OF LIFE

• DESIGNED TO ELICIT SYMPATHY

STANDING STILL

• SIMILAR TO MOVING BACKWARD BUT NOT AS SEVERE

• THEY SAFEGUARD THEIR FICTIONAL ASPIRATIONS BECAUSE THEY NEVER DO ANYTHING TO PROVE THAT THEY CANNOT ACCOMPLISH THEIR GOALS

• BY DOING NOTHING, THEY PROTECT THEMSELVES AGAINST FAILURE

HESITATING

• SOME PEOPLE HESITATE OR VACILLATE WHEN FACED WITH DIFFICULT PROBLEMS

• MOST COMPULSIVE BEHAVIORS ARE ATTEMPTS TO WASTE TIME

• IT ALLOWS NEUROTIC INDIVIDUALS TO PRESERVE THEIR INFLATED SENSE OF SELF-ESTEEM

CONSTRUCTING OBSTACLES

• SOME PEOPLE BUILD STRAW HOUSE THAT THEY CAN KNOCK DOWN JUST TO PROTECT THEIR SELF-ESTEEM AND THEIR PRESTIGE

MASCULINE PROTEST

CULTURAL AND SOCIAL PRACTICES INFLUENCE MANY MEN AND WOMEN TO OVEREMPHASIZE THE IMPORTANCE OF BEING MANLY

BOTH MEN AND WOMEN PLACE INFERIOR VALUE ON BEING A WOMEN

FAMILY CONSTELLATION

BIRTH ORDER, GENDER OF THEIR SIBLINGS, AND THE AGE SPREAD BETWEEN THEM

PEOPLE’S PERCEPTION OF THE SITUATION (SUBJECTIVE PERCEPTION) IS MORE IMPORTANT THAN NUMERICAL RANK

FIRST BORN

BEING AN ONLY CHILD FOR A TIME AND THEN EXPERIENCING A TRAUMATIC DETHRONEMENT WHEN A YOUGER SIBLING IS BORN

▪ IF THE CHILD IS 3 OR OLDER WHEN THE YOUNGER SIBLING IS BORN, THEY LIKELY WILL FEEL HOSTILITY ANDD RESENTMENT TOWARD THE NEW BABY

▪ IF THE CHILD IS LESS THAN 3 WHEN THE YOUNGER SIBLING IS BORN, THEIR HOSTILITY AND RESENTMENT WILL BE LARGELT UNCONSCIOUS

SECOND BORN

THEIR PERSONALITIES ARE SHAPED BY THEIR PERCEPTION OF THE OLDER CHILD’S ATTITUDE TOWARD THEM

TYPICALLY MATURES TOWARD MODERATE COMPETETIVENESS

YOUNGEST CHILDREN

OFTEN THE MOST PAMPERED

▪ HAS HIGH RISK OF BEING PROBLEM CHILDREN

▪ LIKELY TO HAVE STRONG FEELINGS OF INFERIORITY AND LACK A SENSE OF INDEPENDENCE

▪ BUT ARE HIGHLY MOTIVATED AND AMBITIOUS

ONLY CHILDREN

OFTEN DEVELOP AN EXAGGERATED SENSE OF SUPERIORITY AND AN INFLATED SELF-CONCEPT

EARLY RECOLLECTIONS

PEOPLE RECONSTRUCTS THE EVENTS TO MAKE THEM CONSISTENT WITH A THEME OR PATTERN THAT RUNS THROUGHOUT THEIR LIVES

o RECOLLECTIONS OF EARLY EXPERIENCES ARE SIMPLE SHAPED BY THE PRESENT STYLE OF LIFE

DREAMS

o THE MORE AN INDIVIDUAL’S GOAL IS INCONSISTENT WITH REALITY, THE MORE LIKELY THAT PERSON’S DREAMS WILL BE USED FOR SELF-DECEPTION

o UNVEILS THE STYLE OF LIFE BUT FOOLS THEM BY PRESENTING HIM WITH AN UNREALISTIC, EXAGGERATED SENSE OF POWER AND ACCOMPLISHMENT

Alfred Adler’s theory is called?

Individual Theory

Neurotic anxiety

This is the unconscious fear you experience after displaying id-dominated behavior

social interest

Adler’s theory explains that ______ is the attitude of each member of the condition of the human species and the adhesive that binds society together

Psychodynamic

What is the first force of psychology

latency

The stage in Freud’s stages of psychosexual development in which children sublimate their sexual impulses

creative power

Style of life is a person’s individuality that expresses itself in any circumstance or environment. It is molded by people’s _______

basic anxiety

people who were not able to satisfy their need for love and affection during their parents. since they cannot express their hostility to the parents, it is projected to other people which results to _______

B

Adler said that all of us human beings are blessed at birth. why do you think he said that?

A. We are well-developed and has a sense of social interest.

B. We are small, weak, incomplete, and has inferior bodies.

C. We are superior intellects.

D. We live in a private world of experience.

Charcot, Breuer, and Freud

These people were involved in "deep psychotherapy" that led to the formulation of Psychoanalysis.

Freud

Who would most likely suggest that murderers have an innate or biological tendency to destroy, conquer, and kill their victim as part of human nature?

repression

This is the fundamental and most frequently used defense mechanism. According to Freud, this is included in all neurotic behavior.

youngest child

According to Adler, these children are likely to have a feeling of inferiority and lack of sense of independence and yet they are highly motivated to exceed older siblings and to become the fastest runner, the best musician or the most ambitious student.