ABEKA BIOLOGY CHAPTERS 3-4 TEST REVIEW

internode

The section of a twig between nodes.

annual growth rings or grain

The alternating patterns formed in a woody stem by distinct layers of springwood and summerwood.

adventitious

Special roots that grow from unusual regions of a plant.

phototropism

The tropism that, in some cases, is demonstrated when plant seedlings that receive light from only one direction will bend toward the light.

gametes

Reproductive cells , such as egg cells and sperm cells.

radicle

The part of a seed's embryo that will develop into the root system of the new plant.

agent

The dispersal of dandelion seeds by the wind is an example of this type of dispersal.

self-pollination

Process through which certain types of grass plants are pollinated since they cannot be pollinated by other flowers due to the fact that they have flowers that develop under ground and never open.

(root) cortex

Where food is stored within a root.

abscission layer

Cuts a fruit from the stem.

gibberellin, auxin, ethylene

Three types of plant hormones.

pith

Water storage region in the center of a young woody stem.

length of day and night

The chief factor determining when a plant flowers.

root pressure, transpiration pull, and capillarity

Factors that drive the sap stream.

seed production

The primary purpose of flowers.

vegetative reproduction

The process of a new plant growing from a root, stem, or leaf of an existing plant.

rind

The tough outer covering of a herbaceous monocot stem.

anther

The part of a flower that produces pollen.

the seed begins to absorb water

Happens first in the process of germination.

sepal

The part of a flower that covers and protects the rest of the flower during development.

lenticels

The small openings in a stem's bark that allow air to enter the stem.

nut

Consists of a seed enclosed in a hard, relatively thick shell; examples include acorns.

legume

Consists of a pod enclosing several seeds.

grain

Produced by plants of the grass family.

berry

Entire fruit is fleshy and juicy throughout.

pome

Consists of an outer fleshy layer and an inner papery core.

sexual reproduction

The type of reproduction in which sperm and egg cells unite.

pollen tube

After pollination takes place, the first step in fertilization is the formation of this.

cotyledons

The structures of a plant embryo that contain stored food to supply the energy needed for sprouting.

root hairs

The tiny, tube-like projections that extend from the epidermal cells of a root to absorb water and minerals.

heartwood

The older, inner wood of a stem that serves only as support for the stem.

endosperm

Tissue that a developing plant embryo is surrounded and nourished by.

xylem

Wood is another name for this type of tissue.

taproots

Roots that penetrate the soil deeply with relatively little branching.

the xylem

This is located towards the center of the stem in the structure of both a herbaceous monocot stem and a woody dicot stem.

Vascular cambium produces xylem and phloem, which are in the wood and bark.

Why the vascular cambium of a woody stem is located between the bark and the wood.

Two sperm cells are required for a seed to form.

Why plant fertilization is called double fertilization.

An ovary has ripened

When there is a fully developed fruit on a plant, this factor is always true.

Stolons have nodes that can produce new roots.

Why stolons are considered special stems instead of roots.

spreading branching

The type of branching that this tree exhibits.

incomplete flower

Category that a typical grass flower which consists of stamens, pistils, and tiny sepals, but lacks petals and is protected by special bracts goes into.

rhizome

Type of special stem that the ginger plant has. It's spice comes from an underground stem of the ginger plant; new plants form as these thick stems grow horizontally.

Salt pulls water out of the roots through osmosis

Why high salt content in soil can kill plants.

grafting

The process of transplanting living tissue from one plant to another.

A strawberry grows from a single flower with several pistils.

Why a strawberry is considered an aggregate fruit.