Weathering

What is physical weathering?

The breaking down of rocks into smaller particles without changing their composition.

What is frost action/ice wedging?

Repeated freezing and thawing of water in the cracks of rocks.

What is abrasion?

Bumping and rubbing of rocks as they collide, causing rocks to become smaller, smoother, and rounder.

What is chemical weathering?

A change in the rock that forms a new compound, often caused by water reacting with minerals.

What process occurs when iron-bearing rocks are exposed to air and water?

Oxidation, which forms iron oxide (rust).

How does carbon dioxide affect chemical weathering?

It combines with water to form carbonic acid, which can dissolve rocks like limestone.

What is carbonation?

The process by which acid rain dissolves rocks containing calcite.

What is hydrolysis?

The reaction of water with some minerals in a rock to produce clay and salts.

How does climate affect weathering rates?

Weathering is influenced by temperature and rainfall; warm humid climates promote chemical weathering.

What is the role of exposed surface area in weathering?

The more surface area exposed, the faster weathering occurs.

What is soil composed of?

Soil is a mixture of weathered rocks and biological activity over long periods.

What is erosion?

The process that moves sediments downhill to another location.

What is deposition?

The process by which sediments are ultimately settled into bodies of water or other surfaces.

How do ocean waves affect erosion and deposition?

Ocean waves erode sediments by abrasion and transport eroded materials along the shore.

What are erosional features formed by wind?

Features such as those seen in Arches National Park and Monument Valley.

What is mass movement in relation to erosion?

The downhill movement of rock or sediment due to gravity.

What indicates soil creep?

Bent trees are the most obvious indicators of gradual soil movement.

What are the characteristics of sediments eroded by gravity?

Sediments are typically angular and unsorted.

What are the similarities between physical and chemical weathering?

Both contribute to the breakdown of rocks, influence the Earth's surface, and can work together over time.