ABA midterm

What are the four requirements for an explanation for a behavior?

Inclusive, verifiable, predictive utility (predict behavior), Parsimonious

What is the biophysical explanations?

account for behavior by considering the biological and physical processes that influence actions, including genetics, neurobiology, and environmental interactions.

What is developmental explanation and what can we learn from it?

Most things develop in predictable patterns

Learn: physical growth. predictable sequences, meant to account for normal or deviant human behavior

Psychoanalytic theory- What is the progression of stages?

oral- dependent and aggressive

anal- expulsive and retentive (compulsive)

Phallic-when gender awareness occurs

Psychoanalytic theory- What happens if mastered?

Results in latency stage (rest stop till puberty)

Psychoanalytic theory- What happens when a person gets stuck or fixates at a stage?

oral-dependent- extreme dependance/ seek to solve problems orally (overeating, smoking, drinking)

Oral- aggressive- sarcastic or verbal abusive

anal- expulsive- messiness and disorganized

anal- retentive- compulsive orderliness

Psychoanalytic theory- Stages of cognitive development?

Sensory motor- birth-1.5yrs

preoperational- 1.5yrs- 7yrs

Concrete operational- 7-11 year

formal operational- 12yr-adult

What is Gestalt psychology?

learning depends on imposing one’s own meaningful patterns and insights on information and that role learning, even if it leads to correct solutions

What is discovery learning?

explained on basis of insight, pattern, rearrangement, and intuitive leaps

Teachers arrange environment to facilitate discovery

What is the usefulness of cognitive explanations?

can account for both intellectual and social behavior

What are the behavioral explanations?

we can look at environment to determine a cause

human behavior is learned

What is a positive reinforcement?

Giving them something they want

What is negative reinforcement

Taking away something they don’t want

What is antecedent control?

requirements that a functional assessment or analysis be preferred for students with disabilities before changes in placement can be made

what is discriminative stimulus?

antecedent that occurs immediately before a behavior

What is stimulus control?

functional relation between behavior and an antecedent stimulus

What is setting events/ motivating operations?

Influence behavior by temporarily changing the value or effectiveness of reinforcements wha

what is modeling?

demonstrating behavior

what is shaping?

use the reinforcement of successive approximations to a desired behavior to teach a new behavior what

what is the task of the behaviorist?

to qualify as a behavior something must be observable and quantifiable

what is a motivating operation?

set up to make something more wanted

what is the law of effect?

any act which in a given situation produces satisfaction becomes associated with that situation, so when situation reoccurs, the act is more likely than before to recur

what is the law of effect?

a response made in a particular situation becomes associated with the situation

what is operant conditioning? and example?

associating behavior with a consequence (baby albert)

What is ABA?

changing behavior by the application of behavioral principles

What is the goal of a behavior analyst?

Increase the options one has and thus increases freedom

What is the deterministic postion?

relationship between behavior and environment is reciprocal

what should social validity be established for?

goals, procedures, and outcomes

what is procedural integrity?

the extent to which a teacher implements a procedure as it is written or described

What should be the primary focus of every students education program?

teaching functional skills

What is the purpose of behavioral goals?

clarify goals of a student’s behavior-change program and thus facilitate communication among people involved in the program

What is pinpointing a behavior?

refining broad generalization into specific, observable, measurable behaviors

What must a behavioral goal include? (hint abcd)

(a) audience (b) behavior ( c) condition (tools resources or location) (d) degree (criterion)

What is classical conditioning? and example?

passive stimulus response

dog salivation and bell

Why did people no like ABA?

inhumane, too much work and not enough reinforcement

Who is responsible for setting goals?

Multidisciplinary team

What data doe the multidisciplinary team collect for setting goals?

School psychology, educational achievement, adaptive behavior, therapeutic services, physical healthI

If student is not identified with special needs what is different about their goals?

not as extensive, assessment limit to group achievement and informal teacher made assessments

What are the components of a behavioral objective?

state learner, target behavior, conditions of intervention, criteria for acceptable performance

What is the operational definition?

everyone involved agreed upon common description

What is the format of behavioral objectives?

Consistent

What is different about functional behaviors and mastery?

Can only be mastered when preformed under different conditions

How long is an IEP good for from the day it is written?

364 days

What is matenance

Ability to perform a response overtime without reteaching

What can you not do to measurable objectives?

Stack them

What is the hierarchy of response competence? hint: afmg

minimum level of aquation, fluency, maintenance, and generalization

What is the hierarchy of levels of learning? hint: kcaase

Knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation

Why do we collect data?

observation and measurement make it possible to determine very accurately the particular instructional strategy

determine success or failure of strategies

make decisions and alterations during course rather then waiting

What must behavioral evaluations have?

Detailed observation of students current functioning and must facilitate ingoing monitoring of the teacher and learning process

What must a selected system of data collection consider?

Be appropriate to the behavior being observed and the kind of behavior change desired

what is frequency?

Number of times student engages with it

counting number of times, the behavior occurs within an observation period

What is rate?

frequency expressed in a ratio with time

number of occurrences

What is duration?

amount of time/ how long

What is latency?

time from antecedent cue to the onset of behavior (how long it takes to begin to do)

What is topography?

physical form (shape) of behavior

describes complexity or its moto components

Some behaviors consist of a chain or sequence or individual responses that usually occur together

What is force?

intensity of behavior

often results in qualitative measure that is hard to standardize

What is locus?

Where the behavior occurs

environment or where on child/ victims’ body

what are anecdotal reports?

small notes,

help come up with opinions,

has to be observable,

where/when/who/what/ curriculum

behavior is not pre-determined- describes everything

what are anecdotal reports good for?

analysis NOT evaluation

What are the guidelines for anecdotal reports?

setting, everything student and teacher says, does and who they do it to

How do we analyze ancedotal reports?

recurrent chains of ABC

table w/ columns for antecedent stimuli, specific response and consequence stimuli

don’t get distracted and know students act different when being watched

what is permanent product recording?

tangible items or environmental effects that result from a behavior

ex. academic skills (completed hw, test results), daily living skills (photos of lean room), social and communication skills (recordings of role playing, artwork)