Chapter 13 reading: Aggression

Which of the following neighborhoods is most likely to have the highest rates of violence?

A. A neighborhood with trees and green spaces

B. A neighborhood with a large income disparity

C. A neighborhood that has cool temperatures throughout the year

D. A neighborhood with many movie theaters

B. A neighborhood with a large income disparity

Which of the following correctly describes the effects of social rejection? :

A. Social rejection is the sole explanation of school shooters’ behavior.

B. Social rejection deactivates the threat defense system.

C. Social rejection can lead to feelings of anger but not shame.

D. Social rejection can feel like the experience of physical pain.

D. Social rejection can feel like the experience of physical pain.

Many lab studies have shown that participants exposed to media violence, such as aggressive films, behave in a more aggressive way, for example, by applying more intense shocks to a confederate. Which of the following is a conclusion we can make based on these studies?

A. Further research is needed to determine whether exposure to media violence in lab studies may have implications for real-world violent behavior.

B. Exposure to media violence in lab studies has long-term effects on aggression.

C. Exposure to media violence in lab studies makes people particularly violent toward women.

D. Exposure to media violence in lab studies only leads to aggressive behavior for participants who already have aggressive tendencies.

A. Further research is needed to determine whether exposure to media violence in lab studies may have implications for real-world violent behavior.

Ameen has experienced an upsetting breakup with his partner. Which of the following would make Ameen experience the greatest amount of anger?

A. Asking Ameen to think about the breakup as though he were watching himself in a movie

B. Asking Ameen to recall the breakup experience vividly and feel it in the present moment

C. Referring to Ameen in the third person when asking Ameen why he is upset

D. Telling Ameen to think about what the relationship with his ex will be like a year from now

B. Asking Ameen to recall the breakup experience vividly and feel it in the present moment

According to the study by Berkowitz and LePage (1967), which of the following situations would most likely elicit a more aggressive response from the same person?

A. A situation in which the person is a hunter and is in the presence of a gun

B. A situation in which the person is angered and in the presence of a badminton racket

C. A situation in which the person is angered and in the presence of a gun

D. Any situation in which the person is in the presence of a gun

C. A situation in which the person is angered and in the presence of a gun

Which of the following people would be most likely to engage in dehumanization?

A. A person who feels a strong connection to their ingroup

B. A person who focuses on similarities among all people

C. A person who does not feel loyalty to any particular group

D. A person who attributes human qualities to groups other than their own.

A. A person who feels a strong connection to their ingroup

Nisbett and Cohen (1996; 1997) conducted several studies looking at the culture of honor. Which of the following is a research finding that correctly supports the idea that there are cultural differences in perceptions of honor between Northern and Southern states?

A. Southern college students were more polite to strangers than Northern college students, even after being insulted.

B. Southern college students were more likely to show decreased levels of cortisol than Northern college students after being insulted.

C. Southerners are more likely than Northerners to commit any type of violent crime.

D. Southern employers were more likely to express warmth to a job applicant who committed manslaughter after being insulted.

D. Southern employers were more likely to express warmth to a job applicant who committed manslaughter after being insulted.

Which of the following societies is likely to have higher rates of sexual aggression against women?

A. Societies that value women’s contributions to raising children

B. Societies that emphasize the value of toughness in both men and women

C. Societies where women are overrepresented in the population

D. Societies that have a history of frequent warfare

D. Societies that have a history of frequent warfare

Which of the following correctly describes inclusive fitness?

A. The importance of competition in achieving survival

B. Being inclusive of stepchildren when considering offspring

C. An individual’s own survival, plus that of their children and other offspring

D. Parents conserving their own resources instead of sharing them with their offspring

C. An individual’s own survival, plus that of their children and other offspring

How might inclusive fitness directly contribute to the fact that stepchildren tend to be abused at a higher rate by stepparents than by genetic parents?

A. Economic circumstances of families with stepparents tend to be more difficult.

B. Stepparents tend to be younger in age.

C. Families with stepparents tend to have a greater number of children.

D. Stepparents do not usually share genes with their stepchildren.

D. Stepparents do not usually share genes with their stepchildren.

According to evolutionary psychologists, why might men have evolved to be more physically aggressive than women?

A. Men were lower in status than women, which caused them to become more aggressive to try to claim power.

B. Men had to be aggressive to be successful hunters and to provide for their families.

C. Men were more likely to compete with other men for reproductive opportunities.

D. Men invested more in their offspring and needed to be aggressive to protect their offspring.

C. Men were more likely to compete with other men for reproductive opportunities.

How do misconstruals fuel social conflict?

A. They lead people to believe that conflicts are polarized.

B. They decrease the likelihood of reactive devaluation.

C. They lead people to overfocus on the common ground shared with opponents which makes them think that negotiation is pointless.

D. They lead people to perceive the opposing group as relatively moderate in their convictions.

A. They lead people to believe that conflicts are polarized.

In what situation would the use of simplistic as opposed to more-complex rhetoric be most advantageous for a politician?

A. While running for office and competing against several other candidates

B. While trying to deescalate conflict with a foreign country

C. While discussing educational policies with local school boards

D. While negotiating a bill establishing a change to minimum wage

A. While running for office and competing against several other candidates