RAD1001: Clavicle, AC Joints, Scapula and Shoulder (Danielle MXCC)
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What bones make up the shoulder girdle?
A. The clavicle and scapula
B. The humerus and radius
C. The sternum and ribs
D. The scapula and humerus
A. The clavicle and scapula
Is the humerus part of the shoulder girdle?
A. Yes, it is part of the shoulder girdle
B. No, it is not part of the shoulder girdle
B. No, it is not part of the shoulder girdle
What is the primary function of the shoulder girdle?
A. To connect the lower limb to the pelvis
B. To protect the abdominal organs
C. To connect the upper limb to the trunk
D. To support the vertebral column
C. To connect the upper limb to the trunk
How is the clavicle classified?
A. A long bone
B. A flat bone
C. A short bone
D. An irregular bone
A. A long bone
What are the three main parts of the clavicle?
A. The head, `neck, and body
B. The acromial extremity, sternal extremity, and body
C. The superior angle, inferior angle, and lateral angle
D. The base, apex, and shaft,
B. The acromial extremity, sternal extremity, and body
What is the function of the clavicle during arm movement?
A. It articulates with the humeral head to form the shoulder socket.
B. It supports mineral storage and releases calcium for muscle contraction.
C. It shields the spinal cord and stabilizes the vertebral column.
D. It acts as a lever, helping elevate the arm and position the shoulder,
D. It acts as a lever, helping elevate the arm and position the shoulder.
What does the acromial extremity of the clavicle articulate with, and what joint does it form?
A. The manubrium of the sternum, forming the sternoclavicular joint
B. The glenoid cavity of the scapula, forming the glenohumeral joint
C. The first rib cartilage, forming the costoclavicular joint
D. The acromion of the scapula, forming the acromioclavicular joint,
D. The acromion of the scapula, forming the acromioclavicular joint.;
What is the shape of the acromial extremity?
A. Triangular and broader, directed downward
B. Rounded and directed superiorly
C. Flattened with downward curvature toward acromion
D. Concave and directed medially,
C. Flattened with downward curvature toward acromion
What is another name for the medial end of the clavicle?
A. Acromial extremity
B. Glenoid process
C. Coracoid process
D. Sternal extremity
D. Sternal extremity
What does the sternal extremity of the clavicle articulate with, and what joint does it form?
A. The acromion of the scapula, forming the acromioclavicular joint
B. The glenoid cavity of the scapula, forming the glenohumeral joint
C. The first rib cartilage, forming the costochondral joint
D. The manubrium of the sternum, forming the sternoclavicular joint,
D. The manubrium of the sternum, forming the sternoclavicular joint.;
What is the shape of the sternal extremity?
A. Flattened with downward curvature
B. Rounded and directed superiorly
C. Triangular,broader, and directed downward
D. Concave and directed medially,
C. Triangular, broader, and directed downward
Where can the sternal extremity of the clavicle be palpated?
A. At acromion of scapula
B. At glenoid cavity
C. At coracoid process
D. Near jugular notch of sternum
D. Near jugular notch of sternum
What is the body or shaft of the clavicle?
A. The elongated portion between the two extremities
B. The thickest part of the scapula
C. The shallow depression at the lateral end
D. The curved process over the humerus
A. The elongated portion between the two extremities
How is the scapula classified?
A. A long bone
B. A short bone
C. A flat bone
D. An irregular bone
C. A flat bone
What are the three borders of the scapula?
A. Anterior, posterior, and inferior
B. Medial, lateral, and inferior
C. Superior, inferior, and anterior
D. Superior, medial, and lateral,
D. Superior, medial, and lateral
What are the three angles of the scapula?
A. Superior, inferior, and lateral
B. Medial, lateral, and anterior
C. Superior, medial, and lateral
D. Anterior, posterior, and inferior,
A. Superior, inferior, and lateral
What are the two surfaces of the scapula?
A. Medial and lateral
B. Costal and dorsal
C. Superior and inferior
D. Ribside and backside
B. Costal and dorsal
What is another name for the lateral border of the scapula, and why is it called that?
A. Vertebral border, because it lies closest to the vertebral column
B. Superior border, because it forms the upper margin of the scapula
C. Axillary border, because it lies closest to the axilla aka armpit
D. Costal border, because it faces the ribs of the thoracic wall
C. Axillary border, because it lies closest to the axilla aka armpit
What is another name for the medial border of the scapula, and where is it located?
A. Axillary border, along the outer edge nearest the axilla
B. Superior border, along the upper edge of the scapula
C. Costal border, along the anterior surface facing the ribs
D. Vertebral border, along the inner edge nearest the vertebral column
D. Vertebral border, along the inner edge nearest the vertebral column.
What notch is located along the superior border of the scapula?
A. Glenoid notch, adjacent to the glenoid cavity
B. Coracoid notch, near the base of the coracoid process
C. Acromial notch, near the acromion process
D. Suprascapular notch, also called the scapular notch
D. Suprascapular notch, also called the scapular notch.
Where is the superior angle of the scapula?
A. At the junction of the superior and medial borders
B. At the junction of the medial and lateral borders
C. At the lateral end
D. At the center of the spine
A. At the junction of the superior and medial borders
Where is the inferior angle of the scapula?
A. At the junction of the superior and medial borders
B. At the junction of the medial and lateral borders
C. At the lateral end
D. At the center of the spine
B. At the junction of the medial and lateral borders
At what rib and vertebral level does the inferior angle lie?
A. Second rib and T2
B. First rib and C7
C. Seventh rib and T7
D. Twelfth rib and T12
C. Seventh rib and T7
What structure is found at the lateral end of the scapular head?
A. Glenoid cavity
B. Subscapular fossa
C. Supraspinous fossa
D. Infraspinous fossa
A. Glenoid cavity
What is the costal surface of the scapula, where is it located, and what is its general shape?
A. The posterior surface facing away from the ribs, divided by the scapular spine
B. The superior surface forming the upper border, narrow and slightly curved
C. The lateral surface facing the shoulder joint, thick and irregularly shaped
D. The anterior surface facing the thoracic wall, broad and concave
D. The anterior surface facing the thoracic wall, broad and concave.
What depression is found on the costal surface?
A. Supraspinous fossa
B. Infraspinous fossa
C. Glenoid cavity
D. Subscapular fossa
D. Subscapular fossa
What prominent structure extends across the posterior scapula?
A. Spine of the scapula
B. Coracoid process
C. Glenoid cavity
D. Scapular notch
A. Spine of the scapula
Where does the spine of the scapula extend?
A. From the lateral border to the coracoid
B. From the medial border to the acromion
C. From the superior angle to the inferior angle
D. From the glenoid to the sternum
B. From the medial border to the acromion
What is the spine of the scapula, and what does it divide the posterior surface into?
A. A shallow depression on the anterior surface, forming the subscapular and domscapular fossa
B. A beaklike projection anteriorly, forming the coracoid process and acromion fossa
C. A prominent posterior ridge, separating the supraspinous and infraspinous fossae
D. A smooth articular surface laterally, forming part of the glenoid cavity and SC joint
C. A prominent posterior ridge, separating the supraspinous and infraspinous fossae
Where is the supraspinous fossa located?
A. Above the scapular spine on the posterior surface
B. Below the scapular spine on the posterior surface
C. On the costal surface
D. At the lateral angle
A. Above the scapular spine on the posterior surface
Where is the infraspinous fossa located?
A. Above the scapular spine
B. Below the scapular spine
C. On the costal surface
D. At the lateral angle
B. Below the scapular spine
What is the acromion, and what articulates with it?
A. A thick, beaklike process projecting anteriorly; articulates with the humeral head
B. A shallow depression at the lateral end of the scapula; articulates with the clavicular shaft
C. A curved lateral extension of the scapular spine; articulates with the clavicle
D. A narrowed portion beyond the humeral head; articulates with the glenoid cavity
C. A curved lateral extension of the scapular spine; articulates with the clavicle.
What does the acromion extend over?
A. The head of the humerus
B. The manubrium
C. The first rib
D. The vertebral column
A. The head of the humerus
Which part of the scapular Y is formed by the acromion?
A. The anterior and superior portion
B. The inferior and subscapular portion
C. The posterior and more superior portion
D. The medial portion only
C. The posterior and more superior portion
Where can the acromion be palpated?
A. Deep beneath the pectoralis major
B. In the axilla
C. Along the vertebral column
D. On the superior shoulder
D. On the superior shoulder
What is the coracoid process?
A. A long curved process from the spine
B. A thick beaklike process projecting anteriorly beneath the clavicle
C. A shallow depression at the lateral end
D. A narrowed portion past the head
B. A thick beaklike process projecting anteriorly beneath the clavicle
In which direction does the apex of the coracoid process point?
A. Medially
B. Superiorly
C. Laterally
D. Posteriorly
C. Laterally
Which part of the scapular Y is formed by the coracoid process?
A. The posterior and superior portion
B. The inferior portion
C. The lateral portion
D. The anterior portion
D. The anterior portion
What is the glenoid cavity, and what articulates with it?
A. A shallow depression at the lateral scapula that articulates with the clavicle
B. A prominent ridge on the posterior scapula that separates the supraspinous and infraspinous fossae
C. A shallow depression on the anterior scapula that faces the thoracic wall
D. A shallow depression at the lateral scapula that articulates with the humeral head
D. A shallow depression at the lateral scapula that articulates with the humeral head
What bones form the scapulohumeral joint, and how is it classified?
A. The acromion and clavicle; a diarthrodial synovial plane and amphiathrodrial joint
B. The sternum and clavicle; an amphiarthrodial cartilaginous joint
C. The scapula and first rib; a diarthrodial synovial ball-and-socket joint
D. The glenoid cavity and humeral head; a diarthrodial synovial ball-and-socket joint
D. The glenoid cavity and humeral head; a diarthrodial synovial ball-and-socket joint
What bones form the acromioclavicular joint, and how is it classified?
A. The acromion and clavicle; a diarthrodial synovial plane joint
B. The glenoid cavity and humeral head; a diarthrodial synovial ball-and-socket joint
C. The sternal end of the clavicle and manubrium; an amphiarthrodial cartilaginous joint
D. The acromion and acromial end of the clavicle; at diarthrodial synovial gliding joint
D. The acromion and acromial end of the clavicle; at diarthrodial synovial gliding joint
What movements does the acromioclavicular joint allow?
A. Full circumduction
B. Flexion and extension only
C. Small back and forth movements
D. No movement
C. Small back and forth movements
What structures form the sternoclavicular joint, and how is it classified?
A. The acromion of the scapula and sternal end of the clavicle; a synovial gliding articulating joint
B. The glenoid cavity of the scapula and humeral head; a special synovial ball-and-socket joint
C. The coracoid process of the scapula and clavicle; a synovial plane joint
D. The sternal end of the clavicle, manubrium, and first rib cartilage; a synovial double-plane joint
D. The sternal end of the clavicle, manubrium, and first rib cartilage; a synovial double-plane joint
Why is the sternoclavicular joint called a double-gliding joint?
A. It articulates with the acromion and coracoid
B. It articulates with both the sternum and first rib cartilage
C. It contains a single flat surface
D. It allows full rotation
B. It articulates with both the sternum and first rib cartilage
What movements does the sternoclavicular joint allow?
A. Full circumduction
B. Flexion and extension only
C. Small back and forth movements
D. No movement
C. Small back and forth movements
Which shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket joint?
A. The acromioclavicular joint
B. The sternoclavicular joint
C. The costovertebral joint
D. The scapulohumeral joint
D. The scapulohumeral joint
Which two shoulder girdle joints are gliding joints?
A. The AC and SC joints
B. The SC and scapulohumeral joints
C. The AC and scapulohumeral joints
D. The glenohumeral and elbow joints
A. The AC and SC joints
What should be removed before shoulder girdle imaging?
A. Clothing only
B. Shoes
C. Jewelry and artifacts
D. Hair ties
C. Jewelry and artifacts
Are grids typically used for clavicle, AC joint, and scapula images?
A. Yes
B. No
C. Only for pediatrics
D. Only for lateral views
A. Yes
How should the long axis of the body part align with the IR?
A. Align perpendicular to the IR
B. Align diagonal to the IR
C. Align with the short axis of the IR
D. Align with the long axis of the IR
D. Align with the long axis of the IR
How should positioning be handled when a trauma patient has limited ROM?
A. Work within the range of motion the patient can safely tolerate
B. Force the patient to achieve full range of motion during positioning
C. Cancel the examination because limited motion prevents proper positioning
D. Use only CT imaging instead of attempting standard radiographic projections
A. Work within the range of motion the patient can safely tolerate
What is an AC joint separation?
A. Trauma causing a partial or complete tear of the AC ligament, CC ligament or both
B. Trauma causing inflammation of the bursa surrounding the back and socket of the shoulder joint
C. Trauma causing a compression fracture of the humeral head and the surgical neck of the humerus
D. Trauma causing chronic inflammation of the acromioclavicular and sternoclavicualar joint
A. Trauma causing a partial or complete tear of the AC ligament, CC ligament, or both
What is a Hill-Sachs defect?
A. A compression fracture of the humeral head associated with anterior dislocation
B. A tear of the acromioclavicular (AC) ligament caused by shoulder trauma
C. Inflammation of the bursa surrounding the shoulder joint and tendons causing pain
D. A bony outgrowth that develops around joints due to osteoarthritis
A. A compression fracture of the humeral head associated with anterior dislocation
What is idiopathic chronic adhesive capsulitis?
A. Shoulder instability caused by displacement of the humeral head
B. Frozen shoulder caused by chronic inflammation
C. Rotator cuff injury caused by tearing of the shoulder tendons
D. Bone spur formation caused by degenerative changes in the joint
B. Frozen shoulder caused by chronic inflammation
What are osteophytes?
A. Fluid-filled sacs and bursa that develop near or on the joints
B. Bone and cartilage tears that occur within joint surfaces
C. Ligament and tendon tears that cause joint instability and damage
D. Bony outgrowths associated with hypertrophic bone formation
D. Bony outgrowths associated with hypertrophic bone formation
What is rotator cuff pathology?
A. Inflammation of the bursa that can cause shoulder pain and than can limit ROM
B. Dislocation of the humeral head that can limit joint stability and give a greater ROM to shoulder
C. Acute or chronic traumatic injury to rotator cuff muscles that can limit ROM
D. Bony outgrowth associated with hypertrophic bone formation
C. Acute or chronic traumatic injury to rotator cuff muscles that can limit ROM
Which four muscles make up the rotator cuff?
A. Teres major, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis
B. Teres minor, deltoid, infraspinatus, and subscapularis
C. Teres minor, supraspinatus, serratus anterior, and subscapularis
D. Teres minor, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis,
D. Teres minor, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis
What is a shoulder dislocation?
A. Traumatic displacement of the humeral head from the glenoid cavity
B. Traumatic tearing of the AC ligament near the clavicle and the glenoid cavity
C. Traumatic inflammation of the bursa surrounding the shoulder and the glenoid cavity
D. Traumatic formation of bony outgrowths around the joint and the glenoid cavity
A. Traumatic displacement of the humeral head from the glenoid cavity
What is tendonitis?
A. Inflammation of a tendon
B. Inflammation of the bursa
C. A break in bone
D. Displacement of the humeral head,
A. Inflammation of a tendon
Which projections are used for clavicle imaging?
A. AP and lateral
B. AP and AP axial
C. PA and axial
D. AP and PA
B. AP and AP axial
What patient positions are acceptable for an AP clavicle?
A. Upright or supine
B. Prone only
C. Lateral decubitus only
D. Trendelenburg only
A. Upright or supine
How should the patient be positioned for an AP clavicle?
A. Anterior shoulder against the IR, body rotated, arms raised
B. Posterior shoulder against the IR, body unrotated, arms at sides
C. Prone on the table, arm abducted, head turned away
D. Supine on the table, arm across chest, head rotated slightly
B. Posterior shoulder against the IR, body unrotated, arms at sides.
Where is the CR directed for an AP clavicle?
A. Perpendicular to the midshaft
B. 15 degrees cephalic to the midshaft
C. 15 degrees caudal to the midshaft
D. Perpendicular to the acromion
A. Perpendicular to the midshaft
What is the breathing instruction for an AP clavicle?
A. Suspend respiration after expiration
B. Suspend respiration after inspiration
C. Slow breathing respiration
D. Normal breathing respiration
B. Suspend respiration after inspiration
What is the SID for an AP clavicle?
A. 72 inches
B. 30 inches
C. 40 inches
D. 60 inches
C. 40 inches
What anatomy must be included on an AP clavicle image?
A. The entire humerus, including its proximal head and distal elbow
B. The scapula and ribs, including their surrounding thoracic structures
C. The cervical spine and mandible, including the upper neck region
D. The entire clavicle, both AC and SC joints, and the acromion
D. The entire clavicle, both AC and SC joints, and the acromion.
What should be superimposed by the mid-clavicle on an AP clavicle image?
A. The superior angle of the scapula
B. The inferior angle of the scapula
C. The coracoid process
D. The glenoid cavity
A. The superior angle of the scapula
Where should the lateral half of the clavicle appear on an AP image?
A. Below the scapula
B. Above the scapula
C. Within the glenoid
D. Over the humeral head
B. Above the scapula
How should the patient be positioned for an AP axial clavicle?
A. Posterior shoulder against the IR or tabletop, body unrotated, arms at sides, chin slightly raised, eyes straight ahead
B. Anterior shoulder against the IR or tabletop, body rotated, arms overhead, chin lowered, eyes facing downward
C. Prone on the table, body unrotated, arm abducted, chin slightly raised, eyes straight ahead
D. Supine on the table, body unrotated, arm across chest, chin slightly lowered, eyes straight ahead
A. Posterior shoulder against the IR or tabletop, body unrotated, arms at sides, chin slightly raised, eyes straight ahead
Where should the clavicle be centered for an AP axial projection?
A. To the acromion
B. To the midline of the IR
C. To the sternum
D. To the scapular spine
B. To the midline of the IR
What is the CR angle for an AP axial clavicle?
A. 15 to 30 degrees caudal to the midshaft
B. Perpendicular to the midshaft
C. 15 to 30 degrees cephalic to the midshaft
D. 45 degrees cephalic to the acromion
C. 15 to 30 degrees cephalic to the midshaft
What CR angle is used for thin asthenic patients?
A. Approximately 15 to 20 degrees cephalic
B. Perpendicular
C. 45 degrees cephalic
D. Approximately 25 to 30 degrees cephalic
D. Approximately 25 to 30 degrees cephalic
What CR angle is used for thick-shouldered hypersthenic patients?
A. Approximately 15 to 20 degrees cephalic
B. Approximately 25 to 30 degrees cephalic
C. Perpendicular
D. 45 degrees cephalic
A. Approximately 15 to 20 degrees cephalic
What is the breathing instruction for an AP axial clavicle?
A. Suspend respiration after expiration
B. Suspend respiration after inspiration
C. Slow breathing respiration
D. Normal breathing respiration
B. Suspend respiration after inspiration
What are the SID for an AP axial clavicle?
A. 72 inches
B. 30 inches
C. 40 inches
D. 60 inches
C. 40 inches
How should the clavicle appear on a correctly positioned AP axial image?
A. Curved with most of its length projected below the scapula
B. Overlying the humeral head and adjacent shoulder structures
C. Straightened with most of it projected above the scapula and second and third ribs
D. Superimposed on the cervical spine and upper thoracic vertebrae
C. Straightened with most of it projected above the scapula and second and third ribs.
What patient position is required for AP AC joint imaging?
A. Upright
B. Supine
C. Prone
D. Lateral decubitus
A. Upright
How should the arms be positioned for AP AC joints?
A. Raised above the head with the elbows extended
B. Hanging unsupported at the sides of the body
C. Crossed over the chest with the elbows bent
D. Resting on the hips with the elbows extended
B. Hanging unsupported at the sides of the body
How many exposures are obtained for the Pearson method?
A. One exposure taken without using any weights
B. One exposure taken with the required weights applied
C. Three exposures taken at different projection angles
D. Two, one without weights and one with weights
D. Two, one without weights and one with weights
What must be true of the shoulders during bilateral AC joint imaging?
A. One must be higher than the other
B. They must be rotated forward
C. Both must be in the same horizontal plane
D. They must be elevated 45 degrees
C. Both must be in the same horizontal plane
Why are weights used for AC joint imaging?
A. To assess the AC joints under weighted conditions
B. To increase image magnification on the radiograph
C. To reduce the source-to-image distance
D. To center the scapula on the image receptor
A. To assess the AC joints under weighted conditions
Where is the CR directed for bilateral AP AC joints?
A. Perpendicular to the acromion, centered between both shoulder joints at their level
B. 15 degrees cephalic to the midshaft, centered over the clavicular region near the midline
C. Perpendicular to the coracoid process, centered between the shoulder joints at their level
D. Perpendicular to the MSP at the level of the AC joints, 1 inch superior to the jugular notch
D. Perpendicular to the MSP at the level of the AC joints, 1 inch superior to the jugular notch
What are the breathing instructions for AP AC joints?
A. Slow breathing
B. Suspend respiration
C. Inspiration then suspend
D. Expiration then suspend
B. Suspend respiration
What SID is used for bilateral AP AC joints?
A. 40 inches
B. 30 inches
C. 72 inches
D. 60 inches
C. 72 inches
What SID is used for unilateral AP AC joints?
A. 40 inches
B. 72 inches
C. 30 inches
D. 60 inches
A. 40 inches
What markers are required for the Pearson method?
A. Only one side marker
B. Only without weights
C. Only with weights
D. Both side markers
D. Both side markers
What anatomy should be visible on bilateral AP AC joint images?
A. Both shoulders and humeri
B. Cervical spine and mandible
C. Both AC joints, entire clavicles, and SC joints
D. Ribs, lungs, and both shoulders and humeri
C. Both AC joints, entire clavicles, and SC joints
How should the AC joints appear on a correctly positioned bilateral image?
A. One higher than the other
B. Rotated forward
C. Superimposed on the humeri
D. On the same horizontal plane
D. On the same horizontal plane
What is the recommended patient position for an AP scapula projection when comfort is considered?
A. Upright or supine
B. Prone or decubitus
C. Trendelenburg or reverse Trendelenburg
D. Lithotomy or Sims
A. Upright or supine
What is the primary part position instruction for centering in an AP scapula projection?
A. Center the unaffected humerus to the IR
B. Center the affected scapula to the IR
C. Center the sternum to the IR
D. Center the cervical spine to the IR
B. Center the affected scapula to the IR
During an AP scapula projection how should the affected arm be positioned?
A. Extend elbow and adduct arm to 45 degrees with hand pronated
B. Flex elbow and abduct arm to 45 degrees with hand neutral
C. Flex elbow and abduct arm to 90 degrees with hand supinated
D. Extend elbow and abduct arm to 90 degrees with hand pronated
Where is the central ray centered for an AP scapula projection?
A. 2 inches inferior to the coracoid process at the level of the axilla
B. 2 inches superior to the coracoid process at the level of the clavicle
C. 2 inches medial to the coracoid process at the level of the sternum
D. 2 inches lateral to the coracoid process at the level of the humerus
How far medial from the lateral border of the patient is the central ray placed for an AP scapula projection?
A. Approximately 4 inches
B. Approximately 3 inches
C. Approximately 1 inch
D. Approximately 2 inches
If the breathing technique is not used for an AP scapula projection what respiration instruction is given?
A. Deep inspiration
B. Deep expiration
C. Quiet breathing
D. Suspended respiration
What is the source-to-image distance for an AP scapula projection?
A. 30 inches
B. 40 inches
C. 50 inches
D. 60 inches
What patient position is used for a lateral scapula projection?
A. Supine
B. Upright standing or seated
C. Prone
D. Trendelenburg