mixtures solutions, Valence, bonds

Vocabulary flashcards covering core principles, atomic structure, elements, isotopes, mixtures, valence electrons, and chemical bonding.

Mixture

Matter formed when atoms of two or more elements are physically intermixed without changing their chemical nature or original properties.

Suspension

A mixture consisting of a liquid mixed with a solid where particles are visible and settle out if left undisturbed.

Colloid

An opaque mixture with small, non-visible solid particles that remain suspended and do not settle out.

Solution

A translucent or clear mixture consisting of a solid, liquid, or gas dissolved in a liquid where solute particles do not settle out.

Solute

The substance that dissolves in a solvent to form a solution.

Solvent

The substance in which a solute dissolves to form a solution.

Solubility

The degree to which a solute dissolves in a given solvent.

Valence Shell

The outermost electron shell of an atom.

Valence Electrons

The electrons located in the outermost shell (valence shell) of an atom, which determine its chemical properties and reactivity.

Molecule

A structure formed when two or more atoms are chemically bonded together.

Compound

A substance composed of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio.

Chemical Bond

An energy relationship involving interactions between electrons of reacting atoms that changes their chemical nature.

Ionic Bond

A chemical bond formed when electron(s) are transferred from a metal atom to a nonmetal atom, producing oppositely charged ions that attract.

Covalent Bond

A strong chemical bond formed when two or more nonmetals share pairs of electrons to fill their valence shells.

Single Bond

A covalent bond formed when two atoms share one pair of electrons.

Double Bond

A covalent bond formed when two atoms share two pairs of electrons.

Triple Bond

A covalent bond formed when two atoms share three pairs of electrons.

Electronegativity

The property or power of an atom's protons to attract electrons.

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

A covalent bond formed when nonmetals with similar or identical electronegativities share electrons equally.

Polar Covalent Bond

A covalent bond formed when nonmetals with different electronegativities share electrons unequally, creating positive and negative dipoles.

Hydrogen Bond

Weak electrical attractions between oppositely charged dipoles of polar covalent molecules.