History

Martin Luther King Jr

Equality, Justice, Human Dignity, Christian love, disciplined non-violent community action

Eugene bull connor

Order, tradition, local authority, social stability, preservation of white control

Equality (Martin Luther King Jr)

King wanted Black Americans to have the same rights and opportunities as white Americans. The Birmingham Campaign challenged segregation in shops, restaurants and public facilities.

Justice (Martin Luther King Jr)

King believed unfair laws and racial discrimination needed to be challenged. The campaign used protests, boycotts and marches to pressure Birmingham to change its segregationist policies.

Human dignity (Martin Luther King Jr)

King believed everyone deserved to be treated with respect. The peaceful protesters showed their dignity even when they faced arrests and violence.

Christian love (Martin Luther King Jr)

King's Christian beliefs encouraged him to respond to racism with love rather than hatred or revenge. This influenced his commitment to non-violence.

Order (Eugene bull connor)

Connor believed protests threatened public order, so he used the police and fire departments to control demonstrations and arrest protesters.

Local authority (Eugene bull connor)

Connor strongly believed Birmingham should control its own affairs. He resisted outside intervention from civil-rights leaders and the federal government.

Preservation of white control (Eugene bull connor)

Connor was a committed segregationist and opposed efforts to give Black Americans equal rights and access.

Martin Luther King Jr

End segregation, Force negotiations, Create a nonviolent crisis, Challenge gradual change, Gain national attention, Apply economic pressure, Encourage federal action, Produce lasting change

Eugene bull connor

Preserve segregation, Restore "law and order", Maintain white control, Protect local authority, Stop Project C, Discourage participation, Retain personal authority, Prevent rapid change

Create a nonviolent crisis (Martin Luther King Jr)

Sit ins and protests

The protests deliberately created pressure and disruption without using violence. This forced Birmingham's segregation system to confront the issue rather than ignore it

Apply economic pressure (Martin Luther King Jr)

Boycott of birmingham businesses

Protesters stopped spending money at businesses that supported segregation. This financially pressured business owners to negotiate and change their policies.

Gain national attention (Martin Luther King Jr)

The childrens crusade - Young people joining peaceful demonstrations attracted media coverage. Images of police using force against protesters shocked people across the country and increased pressure for change.

Restore "law and order" (Eugene bull connor)

Ordered police to stop protestors

Connor presented the demonstrations as a disruption of public order and used the police to stop and arrest protesters.

Prevented organised campaign (Eugene bull connor)

Connor used Used police dogs and fire hoses against protesters to prevent the organised campaign of nonviolent protests from succeeding and used force to try to stop the demonstrations.

Preserve segregation (Eugene bull connor)

Connor opposed federal government involvement to maintain Birmingham's existing segregated system and resist changes to racial policies.