Greek Unit 3: Perfect & Pluperfect Indicative Active, Subjunctive & Optative Moods, Sequence of Moods, and Purpose Clauses

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering Unit 3: perfect and pluperfect indicative active, perfect active infinitive, present and aorist subjunctive and optative active, sequence of moods, purpose clauses, and vocabulary.

To form the perfect indicative active, the perfect active tense stem is obtained by dropping the ending __________ from Principal Part IV.

-α

The endings of the perfect indicative active are identical with those of the aorist indicative active EXCEPT in the __________.

third person plural

The perfect indicative active indicates an action complete from the point of view of present time; its time is present, and its aspect is __________.

completed

Many perfect tense stems are formed with a __________ of the initial consonant of the present tense stem with the letter -ε- inserted between the two consonants.

reduplication

To form the pluperfect indicative active, prefix the past indicative augment ἐ- to the __________.

perfect active tense stem

Except for the -ει of the third person singular, the tense vowel of the pluperfect indicative active shows an alternation between -η- in the singular and __________ in the plural.

-ε-

In the pluperfect indicative active, the __________ person singular form can take a nu-movable.

third

To form the perfect infinitive active, add the ending __________ to the perfect active tense stem.

-έναι

The accent of the perfect infinitive active is always placed on the __________.

penult

Unlike the indicative mood, the subjunctive and optative moods show that the speaker views the action as __________.

non-factual

The tense of a Greek subjunctive or optative verb indicates __________ only, not factual time.

aspect

The first person singular of the present subjunctive active has the same form as the first person singular of the __________.

present indicative active

To form the aorist subjunctive active, add the present subjunctive endings to the __________ aorist tense stem.

unaugmented

In Greek verbal paradigms, there is no __________ subjunctive.

future

All the endings of the present optative active begin with the diphthong __________.

-οι-

Unlike the nominative plural of second-declension nouns, the final diphthong -οι in the third person singular of the present optative active counts as __________ for purposes of accentuation.

long

In the aorist optative active, alternative forms exist for the second person singular, third person singular, and __________.

third person plural

For purposes of accentuation, the final diphthong -αι in the third person singular of the aorist optative active counts as __________.

long

Primary tenses of the indicative refer to present and future time, whereas secondary tenses refer to __________ time.

past

Under the rules of sequence of moods, a primary tense of the indicative governs the __________ mood in a dependent clause.

subjunctive

Under the rules of sequence of moods, a secondary tense of the indicative governs the __________ mood in a dependent clause.

optative

Greek purpose clauses are introduced by the conjunctions ἵνα, ὡς, or __________.

ὅπως

Negative purpose clauses are introduced by ἵνα μή, ὡς μή, or __________.

ὅπως μή

When translating purpose clauses into English, the auxiliary verb __________ should always be used for primary sequence.

may

When translating purpose clauses into English, the auxiliary verb __________ should always be used for secondary sequence.

might

The conjunction ἀλλά stands at the beginning of its clause and introduces a stronger contrast than the conjunction __________.

δέ

In the Athenian democracy, the deliberative body of 500 citizens was named the __________.

βουλή

When two successive syllables each begin with an aspirate and the first loses its aspiration, the linguistic phenomenon is called the __________ of aspirates.

dissimilation

The negative adverb __________ must be used to negate purpose clauses, whereas οὐ, οὐκ, or οὐχ is used to negate factual statements in the indicative mood.

μή

The preposition διά means 'through' when taking the genitive case, and '__________' when taking the accusative case.

on account of

When expressing the wearing of clothes or weapons 'around' the body, the preposition περί governs the __________ case.

dative

A perfect tense form whose stem ends in an aspirated consonant, such as πεφύλαχα from φυλάττω, is called an __________ perfect.

aspirated