CH14 PT 1 Administration, Scoring, and Interpretation of Selected Tests

maximum muscular strength is also known as

low-spped strength

what is maximum muscular strength

force a muscle or muscle group can exert in one maximal effort

how is maximum muscular strength normally tested

1 repetition maximum in a particular lift (RM)

how many attempts should it take to determine an athlete’s 1RM after warming up

3-5 attempts

why should you try to find a 1RM in 3-5 attempts

more than that can cause fatigue which will decrease performance and underestimate true 1RM

How much rest should be given between 1RM attempts

about 1-5 minutes, depending on difficulty of previous attempt and how recovered the athlete feels

what is relative strength

strength expressed relative to athlete’s body weight

how do you find relative strength

weight lifted/body mass

what is anaerobic or maximum muscular power

ability of muscle tissue to exert high force while contracting at a high speed

what are examples of tests of maximum muscular power

1RM power clean, vertical jump, and Margaria-Kalamen stair sprint test

what is the main difference between max strength and max power

max strength is how much force, max power is how fast can you produce force

what are the primary energy sources during very short maximum strength power tests

stored ATP and phosphocreatine (PCr) because these tests are very short in duration

what two factors determine power output

force and valocity

what is anaerobic capacity

maximal rate of energy production from combined phosphagen and anaerobic glycolytic systems for moderate-duration activities

what duration of activity is typically used to measure anerobic capacity

30-90 seconds

what is the difference between anaerobic power and anerobic capacity

power: very short, explosive short activity, capacity: moderate-duration activity

what is local muscular endurance

ability of muscles/muscle groups to perform repeated contractions against submaximal resistance

how should a local muscular endurance test be performed

continuously, for several seconds to several minutes without rest periods or extraneous body movements

what are examples of local muscular endurance tests

max reps of chin-ups, dips, push-ups, or an exercise using fixed submax load

what is aerobic capacity/aerobic power

maximum rate at which an athlete can produce energy through oxidation of carbs, fats, and proteins

what units are used to express aerobic capacity

mL x kg-1 x min-1

aerobic capacity is usually expressed as volume of

oxygen consumed per kilogram of body weight per minute

how is aerobic capacity commonly estimated when oxygen consumption cannot be measured directly

with aerobic endurance performance tests, such as running 1 mile or more, MAS test, or Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test

what is agility

rapid whole-body change of direction or speed in response to a sport specific stimulus

what are the two main components of agility

speed in changing direction and cognitive factors such as anticipation and reaction

what is the different between agility and change-of-direction ability

agility requires responding to a stimulus, change-of-direction do not require stimulus

what tests are commonly used to asses change-of-direction ability

T-test, 5-0-5 test, 5-10-5/pro agility test, and L-drill/3 cone drill

what is speed

movement distance per unit of time, time required to cover a fixed distance

what does a short sprint of 10 yd/m primarily measure

acceleration

what does a 40 yd spring primarily measure

max speed

why are sprint tests not longer than 100 m

longer distance begin to measure anaerobic or aerobic capacity rather than max speed

why is electronic timing preferred over hand timing

reduces human error

how do hand timed sprint times compare with electronically timed times

hand-timed sprints can be up to .24 seconds faster because of tester reaction and anticipation

what is flexibility

range of motion about a body joint

what equipment can be used to measure flexibility

goniometers measure joint angles; sit and reach box assessment

how should an athlete move during a flexibility test

slowly into the fully stretched position and hold it

what is balance

ability to maintain static or dynamic equilibrium, cog over bos

what is stability

ability to return to a desired position after a postural disturbance

what is body composition

relative proportions of fat-tissue and lean tissue in the body

what body composition model is typically used by strength and conditioning professionals

fat and lean mass

what is most valid and reliable practical method for assessing body fatness when performed by a trained tester

skinfold measurements

what does the skinfold method measure

thickness of double layer of skin and subcutaneous fat using calipers

what method is the gold standard for body comp

DXA (dial X-ray absorptiometry)

what is anthropometry

science of measurement applied to the human body, generally including weight, height, and selected body girths

what is preferred instrument for measuring height

stadiometer

what is preferred for accurately measuring body mass

certified balance scale or calibrated electronic scale

how should body mass measurements be standardized when comparing measurements over time

similar clothing, same time of day, similar hydration

when do you get the most reliable body mass measurements

in the morning after elimination and before eating/drinking

why should testing conditions be kept consistent between testing sessions

improve reliability so changes in scores are more likely to reflect actual changes in performance rather than changes in testing conditions

what environmental factors should be kept consistent during performance testing

temp, humidity, testing surface, equipment

what should be standardized before performance testing

athlete should be not fatigued, normally hydrated, follow standardized nutrition, and complete a standardized warm-up

which factor is the least helpful to record during testing

mental state