Organic Chemistry: Nomenclature of Functional Groups and Substituted Benzenes

Vocabulary flashcards covering IUPAC rules for polyfunctional aliphatic hydrocarbons, cyclic compounds, and substituted benzene derivatives.

5-Oxohexanoic acid

A six-carbon carboxylic acid in which the principal functional group is $-COOH$ at carbon 1 and a keto group is present at carbon 5, indicated by the prefix 'oxo'.

Hexa-1,3-dien-5-yne

A six-carbon parent hydrocarbon chain containing two $C=C$ double bonds at carbon atoms 1 and 3 (indicated by the suffix 'diene') and one $C \equiv C$ triple bond at carbon 5 (indicated by the suffix 'yne').

2-Chlorohexane

A six-carbon alkane with a chloro substituent located at carbon 2, having the structural formula $CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_2CH(Cl)CH_3$.

Pent-4-en-2-ol

A five-carbon chain compound containing a $C=C$ double bond at carbon 4 ('en') and an $-OH$ group at carbon 2 ('ol'), having the structural formula $CH_2=CHCH_2CH(OH)CH_3$.

3-Nitrocyclohexene

A six-membered ring compound containing a $C=C$ double bond and a nitro group ($-NO_2$) at carbon 3, where the suffixed double bond functional group takes numbering preference over the prefixed $-NO_2$ group.

Cyclohex-2-en-1-ol

A six-membered cyclic compound containing a suffixed hydroxyl functional group ($-OH$) at carbon 1 and a double bond at carbon 2, where the $-OH$ group takes numbering preference over the $C=C$ bond.

6-Hydroxyheptanal

A seven-carbon aldehyde with the principal $-CHO$ group at carbon 1 and a hydroxyl group ($-OH$) indicated by '6-hydroxy' at carbon 6, having the structural formula $CH_3CH(OH)CH_2CH_2CH_2CH_2CHO$.

Toluene

The universally used common name for the substituted benzene compound methylbenzene.

Anisole

The universally used common name for the substituted benzene compound methoxybenzene.

Aniline

The universally used common name for the substituted benzene compound aminobenzene.

Ortho (o)

A trivial system prefix used for disubstituted benzene compounds to designate substituents in the relative 1,2-positions.

Meta (m)

A trivial system prefix used for disubstituted benzene compounds to designate substituents in the relative 1,3-positions.

Para (p)

A trivial system prefix used for disubstituted benzene compounds to designate substituents in the relative 1,4-positions.

Lowest Locant Rule

The numbering convention for substituted benzenes where carbon atoms are numbered such that the substituent of the base compound is assigned number 1 and the next substituent receives the lowest possible position number.

Phenyl

The name used for a benzene ring ($C_6H_5$, abbreviated as $Ph$) when it acts as a substituent rather than the parent hydrocarbon, typically when attached to an alkane with a functional group.