baroque style

renaissance vs baroque

vice the ideal instruments are equally important

voices are in onsombals so groups of singers in sepetare parts solo voice

a cappella. voices and instruments combined

alternating polyphonic and homophony basso continuo(tone colour)

simple music ideas. artifice and virtuosity

declamation and word painting music shows emotions vis affects

irregular rhythms clear dance-like rhythms: meter

modal harmony. functional harmony

music for church or chamber. music for theatre, church or chamber

absolutism

rulers who are so powerful, like dictators you are the one in charge

example is Louis XIV, the sun king (louis was a big fan of dance)

Devine right of kings, god as told you to rule all of these people

the age of science

galileo- astronomer who championed heliocentricism

sir Isaac newton- dealing with gravity, he also studied optics how light behaves and how colour.

jan Vermeer- painter

meter

consistant rhythmic pattrerns are used throughout an entire movement, regularly emphasized downbeats create consistent meter

tonality

equal temperament→octave divided into 12 equal steps

helped develop a major and minor tonalities

texture

polyphonic with homophony. with basso continuo, lowest melodic line usually played on a bass viol and or cello, chords played on an organ, harpsichord, lute

form

they become clear. ground bass

a repeated bass melody

dynamics

usually stay consistent within a section

crescendo used less often

Terraced/Blocked Dynamics → sudden changes between loud and soft

melody

sequences- repeate something in a higher pitch.

ornamentation- musical decoration

virtuosity

ability to perform technically difficult music

functional harmony

diatonic triads→ 3 note chords made from the scale

chords have different functions/roels

chords progressions become standardized

chords create a sense of direction and movement

tone colour

Basic orchestra

virtuosity

ability to perform technically difficult music

improvisation

musicans add/perform musical ideas spontaneously

ornamentation was often improvised

trio sonata

to sound. usually 2 melody instrument and basso continuo (bass instrument and chords)

ground bass form

a teme is presented at the bottom line and it is repeated again and again

basso continuo

music accompaniment made up of bass line and chords

2 instruments: bass and continuo the continuo is usually the harpsichord

concerto and concerto grosso

concerto- usually solo instrument with the orchestra

concerto grosso- contrasts a small group of soloists with larger orchestra

ritornello form

main musical section keeps coming back.

Antonio vivaldi

the “red priest”

music teacher at a girl’s orphanage in Venice

composed more then 400 concertos

dance suit

music is intended for dancing was now stylized and intended purely for listening. rhythms and tempos change for each dance but all dances were in the same key

doctrine of affections

means Baroque composers believed music should express human emotions or moods.

• Affect: An emotion shown through music.

• One movement: Usually focuses on one main emotion or mood.

• How: Composers use musical techniques consistently to create that mood.

the feel stays the same way

fugue

the same musical theme enters in different parts, one after another.