History

What caused the fall of Constantinople and when did it occur?

The fall of Constantinople occurred in 1453 when the Ottoman Empire took over the city, ending the Byzantine Empire.

Who was the leader of the Ottoman Empire during the fall of Constantinople?

Sultan Mehmed II.

What was one major outcome of the Ottoman capture of Constantinople?

The Byzantine Empire was over, and the Ottoman Empire became more powerful.

Identify one economic motivation for Portugal and Spain during the Age of Exploration.

Establishing direct sea routes to control the lucrative spice trade.

Name one key figure from Portugal during the Age of Exploration.

Vasco da Gama, who reached India in 1498.

What did Columbus aim to achieve with his voyage in 1492?

To find a westward sea route to Asia.

What were caravels known for during the Age of Exploration?

Caravels were highly maneuverable ships suited for long voyages.

Which tool was used to measure latitude during navigation?

Astrolabe.

What was the Columbian Exchange?

The massive transfer of plants, animals, culture, technology, and diseases between the Old World and the New World.

What was one negative impact on the Taíno population following Columbus's arrival?

They were forced into labor and suffered from diseases brought by Europeans.

Why did King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella support Columbus?

They saw economic opportunities and a chance to spread Christianity.

What significant event is Ferdinand Magellan known for?

Circumnavigating the globe.

What was one consequence of Magellan's circumnavigation?

It proved the Earth is round and connected.

How did Francis Drake gain popularity with Queen Elizabeth I?

Through successful privateering against Spanish ships, enriching England.

What was one challenge faced by the settlement of La Isabela?

Harsh conditions, including poor soil and tropical diseases.

What did Columbus believe he had discovered on his voyages?

He believed he had found a new route to Asia.

Which navigation tool helped explorers determine longitude?

Chronometer.

What was one advantage of the caravel design?

Its shallow draft allowed exploration of rivers and shallow waters.

What did the Treaty of Tordesillas achieve?

It divided newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal.

Name one reason for the rivalry between Portugal and Spain during the Age of Exploration.

Control over trade routes.