patho ch 13, 18, 20 terms

ablation

the removal, destruction, or termination of the function of a body part, tissue, or abnormal cells

affinity

the strength of the binding attraction between two molecules (such as a drug and a receptor, an enzyme and a substrate, or an antibody and an antigen)

exophthalmos

a protrusion of the eyeballs that sometimes occurs with hyperthyroidism

goiter

an enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by follicular epithelial hyperplasia from excessive thyroid hormone exposure

hirsutism

a condition of excessive body hair and facial hair

hormones

chemical substances, formed in a tissue or organ and carried in the blood, that stimulate or inhibit the growth or function of other tissues or organs

polyuria

frequent, large volume urination

myxedema

a condition of hypothyroidism marked by boggy swelling (excessive tenderness on palpation), nonpitting edematous tissue, especially of the face, mucous membranes, hands, and feet, from protein-carbohydrate complexes that accumulate in the extracellular matrix and attract fluid into the tissues

striae

stretch marks

anuria

kidneys are no longer producing urine causing no urine output

chyme

a thick, highly acidic, semi-fluid mixture of partially digested food, water, and gastric secretions formed in the stomach during the digestive process

defecation

the process of stool elimination

enuresis

urinary incontinence, inability to voluntarily prevent the discharge of urine

flatus

intestinal gas expelled through the rectum

haustra

pouches between teniae coli in the large intestine

incontinence

involuntary loss of urine, resulting from a failure of the lower urinary tract's storage and elimination functions

melena

black stool indicative of upper GI bleeding

micturition

process of urine elimination; urination

nocturia

frequent urination at night

oliguria

reduced urine output

peristalsis

rhythmic contractions of circular muscle fibers in hollow organs; promotes forward movement of contents

retention

persistent keeping within the body of substances or materials that would normally be excreted or let go

urgency

the need to urinate immediately

nephropathy

deterioration of kidney functions marked by degenerative changes in the kidney small vessels

neuropathy

disorder of peripheral nerves causing weakness, numbness, and tingling

polydipsia

state of excessive thirst

polyphagia

state of excessive hunger

retinopathy

problem of degenerative changes in small vessel of the retinas

Kussmaul respirations

deep, rapid respirations that present as a compensatory measure to release excess acids through the lungs and into the atmosphere