Lesson 7: QA & QC (pt.1)

one of the more frustrating efforts of modern management.

Quality

Quality is like?

Love

Quality is like love because

Everyone knows what it is, but no one knows exactly how to describe or measure it.

Who attempted to provide new terminology to nail down a program that both promotes and measures quality in health care institutions.

Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO)

_____ → QA → TQM/CQI → QA&I/CPI → ?QC/MBO?

QC/MBO

QC/MBO → ____ → TQM/CQI → QA&I/CPI → ?QC/MBO?

QA

QC/MBO → QA → ______ → QA&I/CPI → ?QC/MBO?

TQM/CQI

QC/MBO → QA → TQM/CQI → ______ → ?QC/MBO?

QA&I/CPI

QC/MBO → QA → TQM/CQI → QA&I/CPI → ?______?

QC/MBO

What's the year for the JCAHO standards?

1995

1995 JCAHO standards, the concepts and principles of quality management have returned to their roots of QC and MBO:

• set performance objectives

• measure their achievement

QC

Quality Control

relies heavily on quantitative statistical methods that focus on the final product, as defined by standards set by the producer.

Quality Control

____ processed periodically to make sure that the procedure is within control limits, in the lab.

Controls

If the controls are within range under the QC model:

high-quality result

Strength of the QC approach to quality management:

• precise performance standards can be established

• measured with objective analytic tools

Weakness of the QC system:

• Evaluation of the final product

• Troubleshooting difficulty

• Failed to include patient's viewpoint

QC relies on __________ and __________ that measure the quality of the product in isolation from the needs of the customer or patient.

Standards; Techniques

QA

Quality Assurance

developed out of the limitations of the QC approach and defined quality in health care institutions by the success of the total organization, not just individual components of the system, in achieving the goals of patient care.

Quality Assurance

When was QA introduced by JCAHO?

1980

defined as the overall activities conducted by the institution that are directed toward assuring the quality of the services provided.

(JCAHO)

Quality Assurance

QA focuses on the?

Recipient/patient

Which program does this fall under?

Risk management

Quality Assurance

Which program does this fall under?

in-service and continuing education

Quality Assurance

Which program does this fall under?

safety programs

Quality Assurance

Which program does this fall under?

quality control

Quality Assurance

Which program does this fall under?

peer review

Quality Assurance

In the QA model, the term “quality control” (QC) was applied to activities directed toward monitoring the?

individual elements of care

Example of QC in the QA model:

• Instrument

• Test Procedures

In the QA model, QA focused on the monitoring of?

outcomes/indicators of care

One of the major criticisms of the QA program was the:

Absence of any specific guidelines or reference material for meeting JCAHO QA accreditation standards

JCAHO finally published its 10-step QA monitoring process on?

1985

Step 1 of the 10-step QA monitoring process?

Assign responsibility for QA plan

Step 2 of the 10-step QA monitoring process?

Define scope of patient care

Step 3 of the 10-step QA monitoring process?

Identify important aspects of care

Step 4 of the 10-step QA monitoring process?

Construct indicators

Step 5 of the 10-step QA monitoring process?

Define thresholds for evaluation

Step 6 of the 10-step QA monitoring process?

Collect and organize data

Step 7 of the 10-step QA monitoring process?

Evaluate data

Step 8 of the 10-step QA monitoring process?

Develop corrective action plan

Step 9 of the 10-step QA monitoring process?

Assess action; document improvement

Step 10 of the 10-step QA monitoring process?

Communicate relevant information

The major contribution of QA was to:

point out that the true indicator of a quality service was patient care

QA overemphasized?

Outcomes

A managing tool

Quality Assurance

A corrective tool

Quality Control

Process-oriented

Quality Assurance

Product-oriented

Quality Control

Proactive strategy

Quality Assurance

Reactive strategy

Quality Control

Prevention of defects

Quality Assurance

Detection of defects

Quality Control

Everyone’s responsibility

Quality Assurance

Testing team’s responsibility

Quality Control

Performed in parallel with a project

Quality Assurance

Performed after the final product is ready

Quality Control

creates a way of:

• preventing mistakes and defects in manufactured products

• avoiding problems in delivering products and services to the patients

Quality Assurance

designed to detect, reduce, and correct deficiencies, especially in the laboratory setup.

Quality Control

measure of precision—how precise or how well the measurement system reproduces the same result over time under varying operating conditions.

Quality Control

QC control material should approximate the same:

matrix as patient’s specimens

What are more convenient than lyophilized or freeze-dried controls?

Liquid controls

Liquid controls are more convenient than lyophilized or freeze-dried controls because?

They do not have to be reconstituted, minimizing pipetting errors.

Example of QA?

Verification

Example of QC?

Validation

Statistical Process Control (SPC) belongs to?

Quality Assurance

Statistical Quality Control (SQC) belongs to?

Quality Control