Cell Organelles: Structure and Function

A complete set of vocabulary flashcards covering the key organelles of plant and animal cells, their specific biological functions, and their visual representations.

Cell Membrane

Controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell; defines the cell boundary (holds the cell together).

Cytoplasm

A jelly like substance which contains the organelles, water, and other life supporting materials.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (general)

Series of canals that transports materials, particularly proteins.

Vesicle

Carries proteins, nutrients, and water in, out and around the cell (e.g., move substances from the ER to the Golgi to cell membrane).

Central Vacuole

Fluid filled space that takes up a large portion of a plant cell; contains water, sugar, minerals, and proteins; only found in plant cells.

Golgi Body

Sorts and packages proteins into vesicles which travel within and outside of the cell.

Lysosome

Contains digestive enzymes; breaks down large molecules (e.g. food); destroys bacteria and injured/worn out cell parts; found mostly in animal cells.

Mitochondria

The powerhouse of the cell; creates energy (ATP) for the cell through the process of cellular respiration.

Nucleus

Controls all cell activities (brain of the cell); contains DNA (genetic information).

Chloroplast

Location of photosynthesis which converts light energy into chemical energy (food); only found in plant cells.

Ribosome

Site of protein synthesis (the process of making proteins); some are attached to the ER, some float freely in the cytoplasm.

Vacuole

Fluid filled spaces; temporarily stores sugars, minerals, and proteins; sometimes stores wastes.

Cell Wall

Only found in plant cells, bacteria, and fungi; a tough, rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane; provides structure, support and protection for the cell.