Learn: American Government Exam 1 Alicia Barnes

Is Government Needed?

A GOVERNMENT IS NEEDED TO PROVIDE SERVICES, SOMETIMES CALLED "PUBLIC GOODS."

Public Goods

GOODS THAT CITIZENS ALL NEED BUT PROBABLY CANNOT PROVIDE ADEQUATELY FOR THEMSELVES.

AUTOCRACY- "RULED BY ONE"

A FORM OF GOVERNMENT IN WHICH A SINGLE INDIVIDUAL HAS ALL DECISION-MAKING POWER

OLIGARCHY- "RULED BY FEW"

A FORM OF GOVERNMENT IN WHICH A SMALL ELITE GROUP CONTROLS THE GOVERNING DECISIONS

DEMOCRACY- "RULED BY THE PEOPLE"

A SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT THAT PERMITS CITIZENS TO PLAY A SIGNIFICANT PART IN THE GOVERNING PROCESS

AUTHORITARIAN- "AUTHORITY OVER THE STATE"

A SYSTEM OF RULE IN WHICH THE GOVERNMENT RECOGNIZES NO FORMAL LIMITS BUT IS RESTRAINED BY SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS

TOTALITARIAN- "TOTAL RULE OVER LIFE"

• A SYSTEM OF RULE IN WHICH THE GOVERNMENT RECOGNIZES NO FORMAL LIMITS AND SEEKS TO ELIMINATE SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS THAT MIGHT CHALLENGE IT

Constitution Government - "Authority Limited By the Law"

A SYSTEM OF RULE IN WHICH FORMAL AND EFFECTIVE LIMITS ARE PLACED ON THE POWERS OF THE GOVERNMENT

IN THE U.S., WE OPERATE AS A

REPUBLIC RATHER THAN A DIRECT DEMOCRACY

REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY (REPUBLIC)

GOVERNMENT IN WHICH THE PEOPLE SELECT REPRESENTATIVES, WHO PLAY A MAJOR ROLE IN GOVERNMENTAL DECISION-MAKING

 DIRECT DEMOCRACY

A SYSTEM THAT PERMITS CITIZENS TO VOTE DIRECTLY ON LAWS AND POLICIES

SETTLER COLONIALISM

A FORM OF COLONIALISM THAT SEEKS TO REMOVE NATIVE PEOPLES FROM LAND AND REPLACE THEM WITH NEW SETTLER POPULATION

ENSLAVEMENT

A SYSTEM OF SLAVERY IN WHICH INDIVIDUALS ARE HELD AS PROPERTY FOR THE PURPOSE OF FORCED LABOR SO THAT PROFIT CAN BE EXTRACTED

CONFEDERATION

CREATED A ______ OF 13 STATES

GOALS OF THE CONSTITUTION

PREVENT EXCESSIVE DEMOCRACY

VIRGINIA PLAN

STATES WOULD HAVE DELEGATES PROPORTIONATE TO POPULATION OR WEALTH

NEW JERSEY PLAN

STATES WOULD HAVE EQUAL REPRESENTATION REGARDLESS OF SIZE

CONNECTICUT COMPROMISE

ALLOWED FOR TWO CHAMBERS- SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. ONE WITH EQUAL REPRESENTATION AND THE OTHER WITH PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION

Three Fifths Compromise

FIVE SLAVES COUNTED AS THREE FREE PERSONS.

INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS

THE PROCESSES BY WHICH THOSE LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT NEGOTIATE AND COMPROMISE OVER POLICY RESPONSIBILITY.

UNITARY SYSTEM

IS ONE DOMINATED BY THE CENTRAL OR NATIONAL GOVERNMENT, WHICH LOWER LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT HAVE LITTLE INDEPENDENT POWER

EXPRESSED POWERS

(17 OF THEM) ARE FOUND IN ARTICLE I, SECTION 8 OF THE CONSTITUTION

IMPLIED POWERS

ARE FOUND AT THE END OF SECTION 8, WHICH GRANTS CONGRESS THE RIGHT "TO MAKE ALL LAWS WHICH SHALL BE NECESSARY AND PROPER" (KNOWN AS THE NECESSARY AND PROPER CLAUSE/ ELASTIC) TO EXECUTE ITS EXPRESSED POWERS

SUPREMACY CLAUSE

THIS MEANS THAT WHEN THERE IS A CONFLICT BETWEEN FEDERAL AND STATE LAW, FEDERAL PREVAILS

TENTH AMENDMENT (RESERVED POWERS AMENDMENT)

RESERVED POWERS: POWERS THAT ARE NOT SPECIFICALLY DELEGATED TO THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT OR DENIED TO THE STATES

POLICE POWERS

REGULATE INDIVIDUAL LIVELIHOODS

FULL FAITH AND CREDIT CLAUSE

STATES ARE NORMALLY EXPECTED TO HONOR THE PUBLIC ACTS AND JUDICIAL DECISIONS THAT TAKE PLACE IN ANOTHER STATE

STRONG PUBLIC POLICY

IF A PRACTICE IN ONE STATE IS AGAINST THE ______ OF ANOTHER STATE, THEN THE STATE AGAINST THE PRACTICE IS NOT OBLIGATED TO RECOGNIZE IT

THE COMITY CLAUSE

GUARANTEES THAT ALL CITIZENS FROM OUTSIDE A GIVEN STATE ENJOY "THE PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES" GRANTED TO ALL CITIZENS OF THAT STATE

INTERSTATE COMPACT CLAUSE

NO STATE SHALL, WITHOUT THE CONSENT OF CONGRESS...ENTER INTO ANY AGREEMENT OR COMPACT WITH ANOTHER STATE

UNFUNDED MANDATES

RULES FORCING STATES TO SPEND THEIR OWN MONEY TO COMPLY WITH FEDERAL LAW

DEVOLUTION

TRANSFERRING RESPONSIBILITY FROM THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TO STATE OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT

NEW FEDERALISM

EFFORTS BY PRESIDENTS RICHARD NIXON AND RONALD REAGAN TO DEVOLVE MANY POLICIES BACK TO THE STATES

BLOCK GRANTS

FEDERAL GRANTS-IN-AIDS THAT ALLOW STATES CONSIDERABLE DISCRETION IN HOW THE FUNDS ARE SPENT

GENERAL REVENUE SHARING

PROCESS BY WHICH ONE UNIT OF GOVERNMENT YIELDS A PORTION OF ITS INCOME TO ANOTHER UNIT OF GOVERNMENT, ACCORDING TO AN ESTABLISHED FORMULA

NEW FEDERALISM ALLOWS FOR

 MORE POLICY INNOVATION AND POLICY DIFFUSION

FORMULA GRANTS

GRANTS-IN-AID IN WHICH A FORMULA IS USED TO DETERMINE THE AMOUNT OF FEDERAL FUNDS A STATE OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT WILL RECEIVE