chapter 4-6 quizzes

Which of the following statements about energy is correct?

Temperature is a measure of random kinetic energy.

Which of the following statements about atoms is correct?

The ion H⁺ consists of just a single proton with no electrons.

What is a polar covalent bond?

A bond that forms between atoms when they share electrons unequally

Which of the following is correct about various compounds?

A salt is a compound that forms because of the attraction between ions.

Which of these statements is correct about metabolism?

ATP is the energy currency of the cell, in that it delivers energy directly to many chemical reactions in order make them go.

Which of these is NOT an organic molecule?

Carbon dioxide

Which of these statements is correct?

Oxidative phosphorylation utilizes an electron transport system to produce ATP.

Which of the following is an example of anaerobic respiration?

An organism generates ATP by extracting electrons from methane and passing them into sulfate via an electron transport chain

Which of the following is correct about oxygenic phototrophy?

It only ever evolved once on Earth, specifically in the cyanobacteria

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the energy pathways of living things?

Electrons are stripped from water during oxygenic phototrophy.

Which of the following statements is true?

A proton motive force powers the production of ATP during anaerobic respiration.

Which of the following statements is correct about various metabolic processes?

Organisms capable of fixing carbon are found among all three domains of life.

The evolution of which metabolic pathway almost wiped out life on Earth at the time?

Oxygenic photosynthesis

Why did the evolution of the hinged jaw result in a burst of evolution in animals?

Because being able to forcefully open and close the mouth made it easier to acquire food in large amounts from a wider variety of sources

Which of the following statements is correct?

Ionic bonds dissociate more easily than covalent bonds in water.

Which of the following is part of the reason why water is polar?

Because water molecules have a "bent" geometry

Which of the following is correct regarding a molecule of water, H₂O?

The molecule can either donate or accept a proton.

Which of the following is correct about water?

Water tends to turn into ice when hydrogen bonds form but do not break again.

Which of the following properties of water is NOT due to hydrogen bonding?

Its ability to mediate acid-base reactions

Identify the hydronium ion.

H₃O⁺

Which of the following correctly pairs the term with its definition?

Ecosystem: a biological community and its habitat

What are the two main reasons that warmer temperatures generally support greater biodiversity?

Warmer areas usually have more light for photosynthesis and heat to boost metabolic rates

Why does higher humidity support a more stable climate?

Because water vapor traps heat

Which biome is correctly matched to its feature?

Temperate forest: occurs in mid-latitude areas with clear seasons and plentiful rainfall

Which of the following statements is correct?

Animal overgrazing and trampling can lead to desertification.

Why does the Keeling curve trend upward in the autumn but downward in the spring?

Because global photosynthesis rates decrease in autumn and increase in spring

Which of the following statements is correct?

Environments with greater environmental complexity or stability tend to harbor more specialists.

What is stochastic extinction?

Extinction that occurs just due to (bad) luck

Which of the following is correct about the Earth’s past major mass extinction events?

They were all characterized by global rates of extinction that far surpassed global rates of speciation.

The Earth is currently in the midst of a major mass extinction event, this time being caused by humans. What has been the biggest direct cause of anthropogenic extinction so far?

Habitat destruction and fragmentation

Which of the following statements is correct?

Seaweeds and jellies have little need for rigid support structures even though they can grow to be very large.

What mainly prevents a given marine species from living higher up in the rocky intertidal zone?

The length of time it is able to tolerate exposure to dry conditions

Which of the following is correct?

Some plants secrete a waxy cuticle over their leaves to block evaporation.

Which of the following statements about gas exchange is correct?

Gills work almost as well in air as in water, provided they stay open and do not dry out.

What do heat shock proteins do?

Protect important biomolecules—especially enzymes—from damage

Which of the following is correct about the photosymbiont of a lichen?

It provides sugar to the fungus

Which of the following correctly pairs the term with its definition?

Zygote: a cell that contains chromosomes from two parents and will grow into a new offspring, produced during s**ual reproduction

Which of the following is correct about s**ual reproduction?

It requires internal fertilization if in dry conditions because the cells involved must be kept in a moist environment at all times.

Which of the following plant groups exhibits internal fertilization and is able to achieve fully dry sexual reproduction?

Seed plants

How do fungi mate?

Two parents touch cells and fuse them together.