TCI L16 The Reconstruction Era Flashcards

Terms of President Johnson's Reconstruction Plan

1. Write a new Constitution; 2. Elect a new state government; 3. Repeal its act of secession; 4. Cancel its war debts; 5. Ratify the 13th Amendment

Most lasting benefit of the Freedmen's Bureau

Education

Black Codes

Laws passed by Southern leaders to control their former slaves.

Requirement for Southern states under Johnson's plan

Every Southern state had to ratify the 13th Amendment, which would abolish slavery.

Guarantees of the 14th Amendment

1. Full citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States; 2. Equal protection of the laws to all citizens (prohibiting states from denying due process).

Impact of the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867

State governments set up under Johnson's plan were declared illegal and new governments were to be formed by Southerners loyal to the United States.

Purpose of Military Reconstruction districts

Formed to set up loyal state governments.

Military Reconstruction District 1 Readmission Date

January 26, 1870

Military Reconstruction District 2 Readmission Dates

July 11, 1868 and July 9, 1868

Military Reconstruction District 3 Readmission Dates

June 25, 1868, July 13, 1868, and July 15, 1870

Military Reconstruction District 4 Readmission Date

June 22, 1868

Largest group of Southern voters after Military Reconstruction Act

African Americans

Guarantee of the 15th Amendment

Right to vote can't be denied based on race, skin color, or other discriminatory reasons.

Enforcement Acts

Laws to combat violence against African Americans that made it illegal to prevent another person from voting by bribery, force, or scare tactics.

Ku Klux Klan (KKK)

A secret society formed in the South with the goal of restoring white supremacy.

Jim Crow Laws

Segregation acts passed when Democrats returned to power that reversed previous laws and drew a 'color line' between blacks and whites in public life.

Plessy v. Ferguson Decision

The Supreme Court decided that 'separate but equal' DID NOT violate the Fourteenth Amendment.

Poll Tax

A law that required citizens who wanted to vote to pay a tax, created by Southern Democrats to deny voting rights to African Americans.

Push and Pull factors for African Americans leaving the South

Pushed by racism and poverty; Pulled by the lure of better jobs and more freedom.

Where most African Americans stayed during Reconstruction

Most remained in the South to focus on working hard to build up their lives.