Pulmonary System

What is the Pulmonary system also known as?

Respiratory System

What are the primary functions of the pulmonary system?

air distribution

gas exchange (supplies O2, removes CO2)

regulates blood pH (maintains acid-base balance)

protection (filters out pathogen & irritants from air)

speech

smell

what does it consist of?

lungs and airways that connect them to outside world

nose/nasal cavity

warms, humidifies, and filters air

produces mucus

pharynx (throat)

passage for air and food

connects nasal cavity and mouth to larynx and esophagus

larynx

voice box

made of cartilage

epiglottis

flap of skin on trachea

moves when swallowing and speaking

closes off trachea when swallowing food

trachea

windpipe

conducts air into lungs

larynx to bronchi

reinforced with smooth and C shaped cartilage rings (to prevent collapsing)

bronchial tree

includes bronchi and bronchioles

bronchi (primary, secondary, tertiary)

branch off trachea and enter lungs

two main branches lead to each lung

ciliated

cartilage that disappear when smaller

bronchioles

smaller airways branched into microscopic alveolar ducts

terminate into alveoli

alveoli

tiny air sacs where gas exchange with blood occurs

Weibel’s Model of airways

developed by Dr. Albin Weibel

describe branching architecture of airways in lungs

how airway structure influences airflow and gas exchange

What does Z stand for?

generation (number of times the airways branch)

What generation is the trachea?

Z0

What generation makes up the upper bronchial?

Z1-Z16 wha

What does the conducting zone do?

gets air in and out

What makes up the transitional and respiratory zones?

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts,, and alveolar sacs

What generation is the transitional and respiratory zones?

Z17-Z23

What is the function of transitional and respiratory zones?

gas exchange

what is the angle of the branching of bronchial tree to facilitate efficient airflow?

35 degrees

lungs

right (3 lobes - upper, middle, and lower)

left (2 lobes - upper and lower)

how many pleural membranes do each lung have?

two

visceral pleura

inner layer

parietal pleura

outer layer

what are the pleural membranes separated by?

intrapleural fluid - lubricates them for smooth movement during breathing

what can happen if there is changes in hydrostatic pressure of the intrapleural fluid?

enables coordinated movement of the lungs and thoracic wall during normal breathing

what is the lungs attached to?

lungs are attached to the thoracic wall through pleura

what is another name for breathing?

pulmonary ventilation

boyle’s law

at constant temp, pressure, & volume have inverse relationship

P1V1=P2V2

if volume increases, pressure decreases

if volume decreases, pressure increases