MTH1W Unit 1 - Numbers Vocabulary Flashcards

A vocabulary review set covering core terms, definitions, number sets, fraction rules, exponent laws, scientific notation, and concepts from MTH1W Unit 1. add questions to do

Natural Numbers

The counting numbers $1, 2, 3, 4, \dots$, represented by the symbol $N$.

Whole Numbers

The counting numbers including zero, $0, 1, 2, 3, 4, \dots$, represented by the symbol $W$.

Integers

Positive and negative whole numbers \dots, $-3$, $-2$, $-1$, $0$, $1$, $2$, $3$, \dots, represented by the symbol $I$ or $Z$.

Rational Numbers

Numbers that can be written in the form $\frac{m}{n}$ where $m$ and $n$ are integers, and $n \neq 0$; includes fractions, terminating decimals, and repeating decimals, represented by the symbol $Q$.

Irrational Numbers

Numbers that cannot be written in the form $\frac{m}{n}$, including decimals that do not terminate or repeat.

Real Numbers

The set of numbers that includes all rational and irrational numbers, represented by the symbol $R$.

Subset

A set that is part of a larger set.

Number Density

The concept referring to numbers that exist in between two other numbers.

Equivalent Fractions

Fractions that are equal in value.

Equivalent Forms

Numbers that are equal in value, but may be in a different form.

Lowest Terms

When a fraction is reduced to an equivalent form such that a common factor does not exist between the numerator and denominator.

Unit Fraction

A fraction with $1$ in the numerator.

Improper Fractions

A fraction that has a numerator greater than its denominator, so it is equal to a quantity greater than $1$.

Mixed Numbers

A fraction that has both a whole number component and a fraction component.

Lowest Common Denominator (LCD)

The smallest common multiple of all denominators specified.

Order of Operations (BEDMAS)

The correct sequence of steps used to evaluate multi-step mathematical expressions: Brackets, Exponents, Division and Multiplication, Addition and Subtraction.

Nested Brackets

Brackets inside brackets, evaluated starting with the inner brackets first.

Pseudocode

A detailed description of the sequential steps a computer program or algorithm must take to reach a desired outcome.

Power

The product of multiplying a number by itself.

Base

The number in a power that is being multiplied by itself.

Exponent

The number in a power that indicates how many times the base is multiplied by itself.

Product Law of Exponents

When $2$ (or more) powers with the same base are multiplied, you add the exponents to simplify: $(b^x)(b^y) = b^{x+y}$.

Quotient Law of Exponents

When $2$ (or more) powers with the same base are divided, you subtract the exponents to simplify: $\frac{b^x}{b^y} = b^{x-y}$.

Power Law of Exponents

When a power has a second exponent, you multiply the exponents together to simplify: $(b^x)^y = b^{(x)(y)}$.

Scientific Notation

A format useful to express very large or very small numbers using a power with base $10$, including exactly $1$ digit to the left of the decimal place.

Infinity

The concept of something that is unlimited, endless, without bound.

Infinite

Limitless, endless in size, impossible to measure or calculate.

Limits

A point or level beyond which something does not extend or pass, which values approach closely without passing.

Nut (Guitar)

On a steel-string acoustic guitar, the material that supports the strings at the end closest to the headstock.